The Arctic Monkeys album Whatever People Say I Am Thats What Im Not and the reality TV Show Popstars

The Arctic Monkeys collection â€Å"Whatever People Say I Am That's What I'm Not† and the unscripted television Show Popstars: The Rivals which created the band Girls Aloud utilized inventive however totally different showcasing strategies to offer themselves to their intended interest groups. How have those methodologies changed from past procedures to make music increasingly open to crowds? The music business is an overall business covering numerous classes and it is difficult to characterize it as one single thing. Inside the music business are an enormous scope of various markets, all focusing on their items and artists to totally different crowds. There are numerous viewpoints to the music business that should be considered as far as picture, crowd, crowd size and classification. These will all influence the manner in which a band is advertised to its crowd. It is notable that â€Å"making it† in the music business as a craftsman is no simple errand. In the course of the last 40-50 years, numerous groups have attempted and flopped astoundingly. In any case, some have prospered and positively shaped music history, such models incorporate â€Å"The Beatles†, â€Å"Queen† and â€Å"The Rolling Stones†. Crowds that should be considered by music advertisers are partitioned into a wide scope of classifications, for example, age, sexual orientation, occupation, social gathering, district and so forth. So as to target explicit crowds successfully, groups may should be marked with a particular goal in mind. Marking is normally depicted regarding items and is the place the item is given a specific picture and character characteristics so as to speak to its crowd. For instance, the brand Levis depicts itself as â€Å"Sexy, Original and American† thusly exemplifying its items. As far as groups, marking should join picture and music style, particularly while focusing on specialty gatherings of individuals. Throughout the years, there have been clear contrasts in crowd, appeared by their changed individual pictures e. g. Punks, Mods, Grungers, Goths and so forth. Advertising of groups needs to adjust and be totally explicit to the average crowd of that music kind thus should be introduced in a suitable style that will sell their music. Individuals are anxious to get tied up with the brand of a band by consolidating that specific picture into their own appearance and way of life. For certain groups, limited time strategies should savagely concentrate on picture to offer the item to that specific crowd who are themselves marked a specific way. This exertion by record names to advance groups by engaging and stressing a specific picture is getting progressively well known. Scissor Sisters are one case of a band who's picture is a focal point of what their identity is and what they do. Their picture is apparent of records organizations endeavors to interest specific crowd specialties. Despite the fact that in the USA Scissor Sisters have had considerably less accomplishment than they have had in Britain (numerous principle stores, for example, Wal*Mart did in truth will not stock the primary collection because of their picture and depiction) they still vivaciously accentuate their upbeat, camp picture. In their recordings they have utilized differing procedures to play on the thoughts of sexuality in our cutting edge society, in this manner making another and fluctuated piece which isn't equivalent with anything from an earlier time. They as often as possible utilize a vivid scope of sceneries which are now and again very astronomical or fantastical (e. g. in the recordings for â€Å"I Don't Feel Like Dancin'† and â€Å"Take Your Mama†. in one of their previous recordings for the single â€Å"Filthy Gorgeous† MTV had to in the end quit indicating a significant part of the substance of the video as it contained explicitly semi-express scenes. This caused some discussion as grievances were made about the substance of the video, this lone tried to build ubiquity and radio air play of the single which in the long run accomplished a diagram position of number 5 in January 2005 and number one in the move outline. Scissor Sisters albeit new regarding its topical inclusion of sexuality likewise goes back to the period of glitz rock, their persuasions are additionally observed to be differing e. the Bee Gees, Duran, Queen, David Bowie and so forth. Thusly they may speak to a portion of the more established ages just as to individuals from the gay scene, for whom they have become a significant image in British society. They have additionally expanded to contact a more youthful crowd through their accomplishment in the UK Charts and successive air play on radio broadcasts focused on the 11-25/30 age gathering, for example, Radio 1. This in itself shows how the marking and picture of a band is unyieldingly significant if individuals are going to need to relate and get tied up with the music and estimations of that band and why it is such a significant concentration for record organizations. A significant apparatus for music advertisers as of late has been the Internet. From vinyl to tapes to CD's to downloading records, music has created with innovation in the course of recent years. The expanding availability for individuals to music was achieved initially by the expanding quantities of record stores and expanding enthusiasm for various music. In the mid 1970's, for instance, Richard Branson initially ran a mail request administration for purchasing records, this at that point formed into â€Å"Virgin Megastore†, a high road chain that made music promptly accessible to a bigger crowd. The improvement of access to music proceeded consistently all through this period with the presentation of more music party, for example, celebrations and in the 1980's, the dispatch of MTV, the primary TV station to be altogether music orientated. The advancement in innovation permitted across the board access to various crowds, as about each medium division started to cover parts of music e. g. Television, Radio, class explicit magazines and so on. It quick got hard to stay away from introduction to music and its promoting. The ascent in fame of the web as a limited time medium today exhibits this thought. As of late, the Internet has become unquestionably increasingly open to more individuals. This has prompted increments in Internet showcasing as another method of telling everybody about a craftsman. It is sensibly savvy and the crowd is a mass one, traversing the whole world (the quantity of individuals utilizing the web around the world (as of November 27th 2006) was evaluated at 1,076,203,987) An ongoing positive case of Internet showcasing can be found in the ascent of the band â€Å"The Arctic Monkeys† to acclaim. The groups promoting methodology has been obvious in indicating the significance of fans to a groups achievement. This started in 2003, after a few gigs, the Arctic Monkeys chose to copy their tracks onto CD's to part with for nothing to fans. Because of restricted duplicates, a considerable lot of the fans tore the music onto their PCs so as to impart the documents to others through mediums, for example, texting, messages and gatherings. The band didn't question the expanded sharing of records, in spite of the fact that this was in fact illicit, as it prompted expanded fame of the band, as they turned out to be better known. This can be recognized through an article and graph composed by Heather Hopkins (Director Of Research for Hitwise UK site), November eleventh 2005, appeared in Figure 1 in the reference section and upheld by the accompanying citation: â€Å"The first outline underneath shows that in April, when the band was for all intents and purposes obscure, visits to www. arcticmonkeys. com originated from talk rooms and online journals. Web crawlers turned into a progressively significant wellspring of visits in June as the band's name acknowledgment developed. † This plainly shows the significance of viral showcasing to the achievement of the band. Numerous standard music brands are marginally careful about viral showcasing, regardless of its advantages it can demonstrate very negative and can likewise prompt unlawful sharing and music being spilled onto the Internet before its official discharge, for instance in 2002, Eminem's collection Encore was spilled on to the web and the advertisers had to bring the date of legitimate discharge forward. As much as possible addition high praise and prevalence through gathering and visit room conversation, there is additionally the hazard they could increase a great deal of contrary analysis, which would demoralize individuals from purchasing their music and product. Another case of successful Internet promoting, likewise utilized by The Arctic Monkeys and numerous different groups, are destinations, for example, My Space and Yahoo music. My Space offers groups own pages where individuals can without much of a stretch leave their own remarks on the melodies and the groups execution at late gigs just as tuning in to the tunes for nothing out of pocket or getting to sneak peaks of cutting-edge discharges. Numerous groups additionally distribute their visit dates on My Space. My Space has for the most part spoke to a mass, more youthful crowd from around 13-30 of both genders, this is commonly as a ton of the music advanced by My Space is new and there are less My Spaces for a portion of the more established groups and along these lines there is little to intrigue more seasoned crowds. It is likewise broadly accepted that todays youngsters are of the â€Å"technological revoloution† and the general acknowledgment is that PCs are of more enthusiasm to them than some other more seasoned crowd individuals. The prevalence of My Space is presently prompting different sites, for example, Bebo and Xanga being framed which offer comparable administrations. This again widens the extension by which music advertisers can plug their performers to various crowds. Rupert Murdoch, the proprietor of BskyB, The Times, News Of The World and The Sun as of late bought (through his worldwide organization News Corp. ) the organization Intermix Media Inc which own My Space among other themed long range informal communication sites for $580 million. Murdoch is frequently observed as a prevailing player in British Media, and appropriately so as he possesses two of the main papers. He is believed to be somewhat answerable for swinging to the side of the Labor party in 1997 and there by causing the appointment of PM Tony Blair, who before long turned into a nearby partner of Murdoch's, much like Thatcher before him. Numerous British residents feel undermined by Murdoch's media power, yet still a large number of them b

6 signs your job is ruining your mental health

6 signs your activity is demolishing your psychological wellness Above all else, the majority of us go to work to bring in cash. In a perfect world, what's more, you like what you do. What's more, there may even be social advantages to going to work each day on the off chance that you likewise appreciate being around your collaborators. On the off chance that your activity checks those containers, amazing! In the event that it even checks only one, you may be doing OK. Be that as it may, in the event that you can’t ponder your present circumstance, you may need to make changes. Work ought not be a spot that causes you to feel horrendous constantly. However this is what befalls numerous individuals who must persevere through harmful work circumstances that are harming them intellectually. In the event that this is transpiring, the time has come to get another line of work or gain ground toward another circumstance. Here are six notice signs that it’s time to roll out an improvement. 1. You can’t force yourself to go to workWhen you get up toward the beginning of the day, do you feel just as your appendages weigh 1,000 pounds and you basically can't haul them up? Does venturing foot in your office fill you with pounding tension, EVERY single day? Do you take vacation days essentially in light of the fact that you can’t force yourself to go into work? These are on the whole incredible, large, blazing admonition flags that something is horrendously off-base at work, and it’s unleashing devastation with your emotional wellness. Of course, for a great many people it’s not regular to bound up with a colossal grin all over prepared to take on the day (how fortunate if that’s the case!), yet in the event that work fear plagues you each morning, that’s not the norm.2. You can never truly leave workIf you get no opportunity to escape a non-work outlook, you’re not carrying on with a healthy lifestyle. When you’re home with family or companions, do you despite everyth ing have your telephone associated with work email and appended to your palm so you can manage customers or colleagues? It is safe to say that you are consistently accessible as needs be? Do you not get the chance to take a break when you’re in the workplace to take a 15-minute stroll to get some lunch or a much needed refresher? Assuming this is the case, that is anything but a sound method to carry on with your life, and you most likely need to roll out some extreme improvements. Everybody merits downtime, regardless of what you accomplish for a living.3. You don’t need to associate at workFrom Monday through Friday, the normal grown-up spends half of their cognizant existence at work, so it is imperative to coexist with the individuals you invest energy around all week, even just on an agreeable level. Be that as it may, if things are awful grinding away, conversing with or in any event, taking a gander at your colleagues may cause you to feel wiped out to your stom ach. That is certainly not something worth being thankful for, and an extremely clear pointer that your activity is making you profoundly unhappy.4. You’re disregarded and ignoredSome individuals like to go under the radar at work, yet there is a genuine drawback to continually being neglected or overlooked: you don’t get the honors for an occupation all around done that you merit, and you may even get disregarded when it comes time to get raises or advancements. Incessantly ignored representatives may begin to feel like they don’t even exist, which can place them into an amazingly unfortunate outlook. Nobody needs to feel as though they don’t matter.5. Your activity fills you with guiltSometimes we don’t consider the outcomes of a specific activity when initially tolerating it†¦ we simply need to work, whatever that may be. But on the off chance that you are working for an organization that submits the unconscionable-natural harm; human rig hts infringement; sexist, homophobic, or supremacist works on; selling dangerous items; rewarding laborers like sub-people; supporting indecent or dishonest belief systems; deceiving general society basically going to work may fill you with a horrendous feeling of blame. In the event that that’s the case, it might be an ideal opportunity to discover another chance. We as a whole need to take care of the tabs, yet you’ll need to stay consistent with your ethics if what your organization does is contrarily influencing your perspective. On the off chance that you can’t look yourself in the mirror, your psychological wellness will suffer.6. Your own life is sufferingA hopeless employment may cause you to feel hopeless during work hours. A totally unsuitable one will spill into your own hours. You may get irritable with your life partner or children at home. You may never be in the temperament for closeness. You may invest all your free energy resting, crying, moping , or essentially contemplating work. On the off chance that you feel horrible consistently on account of your activity, there is no doubt that your activity is destroying your emotional well-being and you have to make some positive move.

Corrosion Resistance of Electrodeposited Coating

Erosion Resistance of Electrodeposited Coating Qiongyu Zhoua,b, Yadong Zhanga, Xiaofen Wanga, Hebing Wanga, Ping Oua* aSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, PR China bInstitute of Applied Physics, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Shangfang Road 108, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330029, PR China Catchphrases: Ni-W combination; Composite covering; Cr2O3nano-particles; Microhardness; Corrosion opposition 1. Presentation Gentle steel is a most generally utilized metal materials in building and mechanical applications because of its low cost and worthy properties [1]. Be that as it may, gentle steel couldn't be reasonable served in the cruel condition as a result of its exceptionally defenseless to erosion and unremarkable mechanical qualities [2]. Disappointments, (for example, consumption or wear) frequently happen on the surfaces of mellow steel gadgets [3]. Accordingly, readiness of a defensive covering is extraordinary compared to other known strategies for widening the application fields of mellow steel [4, 5]. As of late, electrodeposition innovation has been broadly utilized on the grounds that it is actually an advantageous, functional and modest technique for building application [6]. Quantities of metal or compound, (for example, Ni [7], Zn [8], Cr [9], Ni-W [10, 11], Ni-Co [12], Zn-Ni [13] et al.) have beenâ electrodeposited as the defensive covering on the outside of mellow steel. Among these coatings, Ni-W composite covering has drawn loads of interests as a contender to supplant hard chromium, in light of its low poisonousness for amphibian species [10]. As a rule, the reason for investigates on electroplated Ni-W composite covering is the manner by which to upgrade their hardness and erosion obstruction. Especially, joining a second clay particles into the developing metal or combination grid during the electroplating procedure is a powerful strategy. The composite coatings consistently showed improved mechanical and erosion properties [14-17]. Therefore, a lot of investigates have been drawn on Ni-W nanocomposite coatings (Ni-W-Al2O3[18], Ni-W-SiO2 [19],Ni-W-TiO2[20], Ni-W-precious stone [21] and Ni-W-SiC[22], et. al). The artistic particles utilized as the second-stage in the composite coatings, pretty much, would advance the erosion opposition, hardness or wear-obstruction [23-25]. In spite of the fact that nano-Cr2O3 particlesâ have been confirmed as a great and extensive fused clay particles in Ni or Co covering [26, 27], there is no report about nano Cr2O3 particles utilized in electrodeposition of Ni-W nanocomposite coatings up until this point. In this paper, so as to improve the exhibition of Ni-W composite covering which is know as a domain well disposed defensive covering with great for mellow steel, Ni-W-Cr2O3 nanocomposite covering was electrodepositied in the sulfate-citrus shower containing different of Cr2O3 nanoparticles for improving the two its hardness and erosion obstruction. Gentle steel (1-1 cm2, Q235, Baosteel Co., Ltd. in Shanghai, China) was utilized as cathode and a platinum plate (1-1 cm2, Xianren instrument Co., Ltd. in Shanghai, China) was utilized as the anode. The gentle steel was precisely cleaned by 800, 1200 and 2000 coarseness emery-paper and afterward ultrasonically cleaned in CH3)2CO for 600 s. The cleaned gentle steel was actuated in 10% (w/v) HCl answer for 30 s and afterward washed with refined water. The base comprise of electrolyte arrangement is as per the following: 26.3 g/L NiSO4 ·6H2O, 98.95 g/L Na2WO4 ·2H2O, 147.05 g/L Na3C6H5O7 ·2H2O, 26.75 g/L NH4Cl, 0.3 g/L NaBr. Prior to electrodeposition, nano-Cr2O3 particles was included into the electrodeposition shower and afterward scattered by ultrasonic blackout (3600 s) to separate agglomerates. The electroplating current thickness and time were 4 A/dm2 and 1800 s. 2.2. Coatings portrayal The surface morphology was contemplated utilizing an examining electron magnifying lens (SEM, JEOL JSM-6700F), provided with an EDS spectrometer (Oxford Instruments, UK) for deciding the substance creations of the coatings. The stage arrangements of electrodeposited coatings were described by X-beam diffraction (XRD, D/max-2200) with Cu Kî ± radiation, working at 40 kV and 40 mA, examining from 20â ° to 100â ° with the progression of 0.02â °. The surface microhardness ofNi-W-Cr2O3 nanocomposite coatings were estimated utilizing a microhardness analyzer (VH-3) at an applied heap of 9.8 N for 15 s, each example was tesetd multiple times for averaging. The erosion conduct of the acquired covering was assessed in 3.5 wt.% NaCl arrangement by utilizing an electrochemical workstation (CHI660E). All investigations were led in a traditional three-terminal cell (comprising of the electro-deposied covering as a working anode, Pt sheet as a counter cathode and SCE as a kind of perspective anode). The potentiodynamic polarization test (Tafel) of electro-deposied covering was tried from - 800 mV to - 400 mV with an output pace of 1 mV, while gentle steel was tried from - 900 mV to - 600 mV. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was led at Ecorr, with voltage bother abundancy of 10 mV in the recurrence go from 105 Hz to 10-2Hz. Every single electrochemical test are done at room temperature (25 oC). 3.1 Characterization of nano-Cr2O3particles The portrayal of nano-Cr2O3particles was completed by utilizing TEM and XRD investigation, the outcomes are shown in Fig. 1. It is demonstrated that the particles are liberated from optional stages aside from Cr2O3, which is comprises of polyhedral structure with the mean breadth of around 40 nm. Unavoidably, there areâ some level of agglomeration between the nano-particles. The structure of electroplated W composite coatings can be broke down by EDS as the past investigations [28]. The W substance and Cr2O3 in the electroplated coatings as a component of Cr2O3 expansion in the electroplating shower are shown in Fig. 2. The Cr2O3 content is relating to identified Cr component proportion in Ni-W-Cr2O3 nanocomposite coatings. As appeared in Fig. 2, with the expansion of Cr2O3 focus in electroplating shower, the Cr2O3 particles consolidated in the covering increment quickly when the Cr2O3 fixation is low (≠¤5 g/L). While it increments continuously when the Cr2O3 fixation is in scope of 10-20 g/L. A deviation from the Langmuir adsorption conduct in the high Cr2O3 fixation arrangement is watched, which is brought about by certain particles would sedimentate by gravity in hydrodynamic states of without upset. What's more, the outcomes uncover that W content relating diminishes with the expansion of Cr2O3 expansion in electroplating shower. This is on the grounds that that the adequately high overpotentials is agreeable to affidavit of W atom[29]. When the Cr2O3 nano-particles adsorbed on cathode surface, it could frame as nucleation destinations and appropriately lessen the overpotentials. Accordingly, the statement of W iota is hindered, while Ni itself can likewise be kept from its complex with citrate[30]. Fig. 3 shows the XRD examples of the coatings electrodeposited in the shower with and without Cr2O3 nano-particles. In the shower without Cr2O3 nano-particles (appeared in Fig.3a), the example of acquired covering comprises of a wide top from 41â ° to 47â °, demonstrating the formless idea of the Ni-W compound covering. The undefined structure ought to be electrodeposited under the affectation of the affidavit rate is high contrasted with the conversion standard, which infers that every single metal molecule are promptly released once they get to cathode surface. Subsequently, high substance of W in the composite must be watched, which is affirmed by the EDS result (45.8 wt.%, appeared in Fig 2). What more, the formless trademark additionally can be shown by the SEM micrograph of Ni-W composite covering (Fig.4a). As the outcomes revealed in the literary works by O. Younes [30] and T. Yamasaki [31], the electrodeposited Ni-W compound coatings introduced as a nebulous state when tung sten creation extended from 20 to 40 at.%. While the structure of saved would change once the Cr2O3 nano-particles existed in the shower, Ni-W-Cr2O3 nanocomposite coatings display crystalline fcc structure of Ni-W combination and Cr2O3 stages. The purpose behind this marvel is that the decreased overpotentials brought about by the adsorbed Cr2O3 nano-particles on cathode surface would prompt statement of crystalline stage, which is thermodynamically more steady than the shapeless stage [30]. At the same time, a unidentified top at 2î ¸Ã¢â€°Ë†41.4 is introduced in the examples of the Ni-W-Cr2O3 composite coatings. Comparable pinnacle have been seen by I. Mizushima et. al [32] and R. JuÃ¥ ¡k-nas et. al [33]. The previous recommended that it is the codeposition of nanocrystalline Ni(- W) and Ni-W-C stages [32]. While R. JuÃ¥ ¡k-nas et. al asserted this pinnacle compared to NiWO4[33]. In any case, so far this strange pinnacle stays unidentified. As the expanding of Cr2O3 nano-particles expansion in arrangement, the force for diffraction pinnacle of Ni-W (111) increments and unidentified line profile diminishes, showing that grain sizes of the Ni-W crystallites increment and the unidentified stage in the composite coatings slow decrease. Fig. 4 shows the surface morphology of the coatings electrodeposited in showers containing distinctive measure of Cr2O3 nano-particles. In all cases, the coatings are smaller, uniform and break free, which can give an obstruction to secure substrate material. In correlation of Ni-W covering which shows a run of the mill undefined trademark which is nonattendance of grain limits, Ni-W-Cr2O3 composite coatings is comprised of unpredictable precious stone structures, uniform disseminated ultrafine Cr2O3 particles and some capturing enormous knobs, which is brought about by Cr2O3 agglomerates codeposited with Ni-W as metal electrocrystallized. With the expansion of Cr2O3addition in the arrangement, the Cr2O3 particles comparing increment and the knobs pattern to be unobvious. The explanation might be that Cr2O3agglomerates become substantially more genuine in the high fixation arrangement and afterward accelerate by settlement. In this manner, the opportunities for agglomerate

My Personal Goal Statement in Accounting and Finance free essay sample

Article surveys - Assignment Example The creator concedes that innovation has figured out how to produce a long chain of informal organizations however laments that the way of correspondence in those connections has not been as powerful as before. Recently, individuals convey by means of email and telephones even to the nearest ones who they ought to associate with vis-à-vis, for example, family and dear companions. An example is where a kid composes a demand note and sends it to the parent’s email. It shows the separation that has obviously been brought by new correspondence mediums. Families have split away from the conventional frameworks and societies where they could accumulate around a table for supper as they talked about issues influencing them. These days, an individual simply needs to go behind a PC and offer their issues on the web. The creator is, in this way, speaking to the network to desert the incapable innovation supported correspondence and reincorporate the customary strategies that upgraded connection. To unravel this, it is all together for a portion of the conventional social methods of cooperation to be returned to and reintegrated once more into the cutting edge life. The people group should mov e from advanced connections to genuine eye to eye interchanges. The writer, in this article, investigates a portion of the negative impacts data correspondence innovation (ICT) has brought to learning. This article tends to this issue by giving a commonsense occurrence in which homeroom meetings have been intruded on significantly by the numerous electronic devices that understudies use to ride the web with. Freedman, acknowledges the way that innovation is a genuine headway that has improved lives. In any case, the pattern of unreasonable web fixation has gotten more mischief than benefits study hall learning. A case is featured of a war that seethed on between the educator and an understudy wherein the instructor needed to crush the leaner’s telephone to show how much genuine he bigoted he was with the issue. The creator

January in Paris

January in Paris Bonjour de la France! Photo credit: Rebecca Grekin. I’ve spent the last two weeks in Paris with an MIT program called JSFâ€"January Scholars in France. The students of JSF 2018 and our chaperone, Prof. Perreau (on the right). Photo credit to Sophie de Loubens, one of our JSF guides. JSF is an IAP program sponsored by the French department for students who are committed to learning French at MIT. You spend two weeks in Paris exploring the history and culture of the city and speaking exclusively en français. (Forgive me, Professor Perreau, for writing this post in English!) JSF is a really unique program. Unlike IAP Madrid, which I did last year, it’s not a class (no homeworkâ€"yay!!!). Instead of going to class, we had a packed schedule of walking tours of different neighborhoods, musical and theatrical productions, and delicious meals. Literally, we spent two weeks doing nothing but soaking in the atmosphere of Paris. And the program is funded by MITâ€"airfare, lodging, metro transportation within Paris, and most meals. I’m really not exaggerating when I say that JSF was a once-in-a-lifetime experience. We were exposed to a side of Paris that tourists don’t usually see. Our tour guides were native Parisians who were very acquainted with the historical background and day-to-day workings of the city, so we got to learn about things like the design process behind the trash cans and the type of barricades built by revolting Parisians from the 17th straight through to the 20th century. We saw parts of the city, like the business sector and a neighborhood “populaire” housing many African immigrants, that are not frequented by tourists. We saw performances from some of the most celebrated troupes in Paris, or even the world, staged in the most avant-garde architecture in the city. And maybe most importantly, we got to interact with Parisians not as tourists, but as students who were genuinely interested in learning the culture and mastering the language. One of our guides, Vincent, talking about the mobilier urbain (urban furniture for lack of a better term)the streetposts, bus stops, benches, and other surroundings that govern your interaction with the city space. Photo credit: Bruno Perreau. The program was so great because there were so many knowledgeable people who gave their time to make it possible. Our guides Vincent, Emily, and Sophie showed us sides of the city, artistic, historical, and quotidian, that we would never have imagined just walking through the streets. And our chaperone, Professor Bruno Perreau (as well as the other faculty and staff of MIT’s French department) worked really hard to organize and plan the trip and make it an incredibly rich experience. To give you a sense of what it was like, Im going to share some standout moments from the trip! A private tour of the Paris Opera. The first day of JSF, we had on our schedule a tour of the Opéra Garnier. It’s safe to say that none of us really knew what we were in for. We were met at the entrance by Germain Louvet, a “star dancer” of the Opéra de Paris. “Star dancer”â€"danseur/danseuse étoile in Frenchâ€" is an official rank that designates the most accomplished and prominent performers in the Opéra. Only the most graceful and disciplined dancers are honored with the rank of a star, a role which means not only international recognition but also a guaranteed role with the Opéra until past the age of 40. We learned from Germain that he was elevated to the role of danseur étoile at the age of 23 as recognition for his standout performance as Prince Siegfried in Le lac des cygnes (Swan Lake). He has been training as a dancer since he was 4 years old. Germain Louvet, danseur  Ã©toile. We were lead through the breathtaking foyer of the Opéra Garnier, up a series of rosy marble staircases surrounded by gilded statues and rich paintings, into a collection of exquisite chambers. The public spaces in the Opéra were specifically designed to create a sensation of fantasy. The internal temperature is kept toasty to encourage visitors to shed their practical outer layers and indulge in admiration of the audience’s fashion. From the moment you enter the building, you are transported into the whimsical world of the opera, and separated from the drudgery and utility of the outside. The ceiling above the main staircase into the opera. Photo credit: Kaymie Shiozawa. Photo credit: Kaymie Shiozawa. We then entered the main chamber, where the performances take place. Photo credit: Kaymie Shiozawa. The ceiling dates to the 1960s. It was very controversial when it was installed. This phenomenon of seeing a very modern piece of artwork juxtaposed against the traditional scenery of Paris is fairly common. Germain took us onto the stage where the dancers perform! The stage is slanted to give the audience a better perspective, but this creates complications for the dancers, since their movements have to change depending on where they are facing. Photo credit: Bruno Perreau. Then, we got to go behind the scenes and see parts of the opera that are never open to visitors. A private practice room. Ringing the ceiling is a balcony where in centuries past, male patrons of the opera could stand and watch the female dancers practice, with a view that afforded an especially good perspective of their legs, with an eye for deciding which of the dancers they would like to sleep with later. There is a disturbing history of prostitution behind the opera. Photo credit: Bruno Perreau. In the basement there is a bomb shelter dating back to WWII. There is also an underground river flowing underneath, complete with blind albino fish! Photo credit: Rebecca Grekin. The practice room under the dome that caps the Opéra Garnier. Kind of reminds me of Barker library! Photo credit: Kaymie Shiozawa. Afterward, we went out for drinks with Germain. I can’t believe I got to chat casually with a Paris opera star. Im in the same picture as Germain!!! Photo credit: Bruno Perreau. The crowning of a new star I’ve oversimplified a little bit. There are actually two opera buildings in Paris: the Opéra Garnier, the ornate 19th century building we toured with Germain, and the Opéra Bastille. The Opéra Bastille, so named because it is located in the square where the Bastille prison used to stand, is an enormous building finished in 1989. Though it chooses to downplay the importance of scenery setting the mood for the opera, it at least provides an effective, well-oiled venue for staging and performing breathtaking operas. The outside of the Opéra Bastille. Photo credit: Kaymie Shiozawa. The inside of the main performance room of the opera. The vertiginous stacking of the seats in the Opera Bastille means that the stage can be flat while still providing a good view to the audience. Thus, for the dancers, the Bastille is an easier venue to perform in. The students of JSF went to go see Don Quichotte at the Opéra Bastille. Photo credit: Kaymie Shiozawa. At the end, while the performers were taking their bows and receiving their applause, an unexpected figure appeared on the stage. The Directrice de la Danse of the opera stepped out looking somewhat disheveled. After making a joke about her casual appearance, she announced that the performance of the lead danseuse, Valentine Colasante, in the role of Kitri had been so incredible that night that she was now being nominated as a danseuse étoile. The moment was magical. The audience erupted. The danceuse received a standing ovation for the next five minutes. She was almost crying. More than one JSF participant was tearing up. It was a moment of incredible joy to watch a beautiful performer be recognized for something she had been working for her entire life. Star dancers are nominated about once every two to three years, and we just happened to be there to see it. The opéra was really smiling on JSF that night. A hidden lair When I think of Paris, I think of boulevards lined with five-storey gray limestone houses with black wrought-iron balconies and hints of gold decoration. That’s because a surprising fraction of Paris is filled with gray limestone houses with wrought-iron decoration! But there’s another neighborhood of Paris with a very different feelâ€"the neighborhood of la Défense. La Grande Arche of la Défense, a modern mirror of the Arc de Triomphe. Photo credit: Kaymie Shiozawa. La Défense is the business area of Paris. Built specifically for that purpose in the second half of the 20th century, it is filled with quirky skyscrapers and imaginative displays of modern art and architecture. We were accompanied on our tour of La Défense by an architect who works in the area. With his supervision, we were allowed into part of the neighborhood that is usually hiddenâ€"the underground basement. There, we discovered Le Monstreâ€"the Monsterâ€"an enormous work by the artist Raymond Moretti. Photo credit: Rebecca Grekin. The roar of the underground metro lines that pass nearby give the monster his voice.  Photo credit: Rebecca Grekin. When his old studio was destroyed, the artist set up shop in the underground basement of la Défense. When he died, it was sealed up, leaving a hidden monster lurking under the bustling metropolitan square. Les blagues There were also some days that were less adventurous. One morning, we tried to get into the library of the Sorbonne, but were shut out because it was full of students studying for final exams. Instead, we headed over to a café and enjoyed lunch with some of our guides. With l’addition came some little candies. On the inside of the wrappers were written some jokes (blagues). Photo credit: Bruno Perreau. We quickly went to work deciphering the jokes. Anyone who has learned a foreign language knows that humor is one of the hardest things to understand, because it usually relies on subtle puns or cultural context. We learned a lot of new vocabulary that day! Here’s our favorite joke: Comment est-ce que un zéro se fait draguer par un huit? Il met une ceinture ! How does a zero get hit on by an eight? He puts on a belt! Sitting in the café, chatting with each other and our guides, practicing French, and laughing at les blagues is one of my fondest memories of Paris. If you want to see more pictures I might have lied a little when I said that there was no homework for JSF. In order to commemorate the trip, for the use of future participants and planners as well as for our own scrapbooks, we made our own JSF 2018 blog detailing our adventures. Check it out! There we have a day-by-day breakdown of all our activities. It’s in French, but there are a lot of pictures. :D Also, each of the participants is writing their own entry about a part of the city or the experience that they found interesting and wanted to dive deeper into. I wrote mine about the relationship between modern and traditional architecture in Paris. For the next two weeks, I’m taking advantage of being in Europe to do some traveling with my mom. Until next time, à bientôt! Photo credit: Rebecca Grekin. Photo credit: Rebecca Grekin. Photo credit: Sophie de Loubens. Post Tagged #photography

Milroy v Lord (1861) - Free Essay Example

..There is not equity in this court to perfect an imperfect gift- Turner LJ in Milroy v Lord (1861)- How accurate is this statement in current English law? In order to assess the accuracy of Turner LJs statement, it is first necessary to consider the context of it, and discuss briefly what it refers to. It refers to trusts, which become fully set up or constituted when the trust property is in the hands of a person who is properly bound to be the trustee. Within this context, certain equitable principles come into play; specifically regarding gifts. There are several situations where equity has developed its role, away from Turner LJs statement, so that in effect it will perfect an imperfect gift. A gift is any transaction which benefits an individual who has not paid, ie given any consideration for it; such an individual is called a volunteer.[1] In the same case which the above quotation is taken from, Milroy v Lord, Turner LJ also identified three modes of making a gift. These were an outright transfer of the legal title to a property, a transfer of the legal title of a property to a trustee to hold on trust, and a self-declaration of trust (in which case the constitution of the trust is automatic). At this point, an important maxim of equity has an effect. The maxim is equity will not assist a volunteer, and its manifestation here is that equity will not perfect an imperfect gift. Therefore, in order for a gift to be perfected, or rather for the trust to be fully constituted, one of the three modes must be referred to. Equity will not, in itself, treat the intentions of a donor to make an outright gift as a self-declaration of trust, where the property fails to pass from the donor to the donee. Two cases which came in the wake of the highly significant Milroy v Lord, and which seemed to confirm Turner LJs sentiments were Jones v Lock and Richards v Delbridge. In these cases, the crucial factor was the intention of the donor. Nor will equity (historically) perfect an ineffective transfer of the legal title to property to an intended trustee to constitute a trust by treating the intending settlor as having made a valid self-declaration of trust. In other words, if the property fails to get into the hands of the intended trustee, there is no trust. In this context, however, there has been a recent move away from Turner LJs maxim that equity will not perfect an imperfect gift. in the 2001 case of T Choithram SA v Pagrani, the words of a businessman were generously construed to give most of his wea lth on trust. his words of a mere gift were interpreted as words of declaration of trust. A second seminal case in the development of the doctrine came in Re Rose in 1952, when the rule laid down in Milroy v Lord was relaxed to the extent that equity would now treat as effective an intended transfer where the donor has done everything he is obliged to do to make the gift valid. this is a subtle distinction, but it does, nevertheless, relax the principle. This rule (in Re Rose) was applied to transfers of land in the much more recent case of Mascall v Mascall. A recent Court of Appeal decision expanded the ambit of this rule further in the case of Pennington v Waine. In this case, unlike in Re Rose, the transeror had not done everything in their power to secure the validity of the transfer. The reasoning in this case was that the transferor (of shares in this case) had done all that was needed for the rule to apply by executing the transfer form with the intention that the tran sfer is to have immediate effect, and crucially, in circumstances where it would be unconscionable for the trasferor to renege on the transaction. The danger with this, is of course, that therre is no clear distinction as to when it would be unconscionable not to perfect a gift. Another seminal case in this context was Strong v Bird. In this case, a comon law principle that the appointment of a debtor as executor a deceaseds estate cancelled that debt to the estate was held to prevail. The important condition, however, was that the testator had manifested an intention that this debt be released, and this intention continued up until death. This is, as Penner points out, something like the perfecting of an imperfect gift.[2] The rule was further extended to cover imperfect gifts (as well as imperfectly released debts) in Re Stewart. The same condition applied, that the testator must have manifested an intention and this continued until death. At this point, it seems that equity ce rtainly is helping a volunteer, rendering Turner LJs comment outdated. Deathbed gifts are properly called donationes mortis causa, and are gifts which are made inter vivos, but are conditonal upon death (ie they only take effect on death). That is to say that the gift become complete and absolute upon death, as the condition is perfected. Transfer of possession is also needed, which poses no problem for the likes of tangible personal property. Equity intervenes, however, in the case of things which require more to transfer title, like bank balances or shares. The essential requirements for a valid donatio mortis causa were laid down in Cain v Moon. The final situation where equity will effectively perfect an imperfect gift is in certain cases of proprietary estoppel. The court will seek to give effect to the plaintiffs minimum equity. Such a situation occurred in the case of Pascoe v Turner when a man said to a woman (with whom he was cohabiting) that the house was hers and ev erything in it. The woman subsequently spent a good deal of her savings on the house, way of improvements and so on. When they separated, the man tried to turn the woman out. The court held that in this case, the minimum equity was that the man ought to transfer the fee simple to the woman. Although this was a case of proprietary estoppel, it was an example of equity acting in a way unenvisaged by Turner LJ in 1861. Since the case of Milroy v Lord, then, there have been several significant developments which have rendered Turner LJs words somewhat outdated. The drift towards equity assisting a volunteer and perfecting an imperfect gift has been criticised at various stages throughout the development, most notably by Walton J in Re Gonin. The current state of the English law with regard to equity assisting volunteers and perfecting imperfect gifts appears to be in a state of flux, but the stringent rule set out by Turner LJ has certainly been relaxed considerably in a number of ar eas. BIBLIOGRAPHY Cases Cain v Moon [1896] 2 QB 283 Jones v Lock (1865) 1 Ch App 25 Mascall v Mascall (1984) 50 P CR 119 Milroy v Lord [1861] 4 De GF J 264 Pascoe v Turner [1979] 2 All ER 945 Pennington v Waine [2002] EWCA Civ 227 Re Gonin, Gonin v Garmeson [1977] 2 All ER 720 Re Rose [1952] Ch 499 Re Stewart [1908] 2 Ch 251 Richards v Delbridge (1874) LR 18 Eq 11 Strong v Bird (1874) LR 18 Eq 315 T Choithram SA v Pagarani [2001] 2 All ER 492 Secondary sources Penner, J.E., The Law of Trusts (LexisNexis, 2004) Footnotes [1]Penner, J.E., The Law of Trusts (LexisNexis, 2004), p221 [2]Penner, p227

Sample Abstract Thesis

The abstract thesis is an essential part of any research. Represented at the beginning of the paper, the abstract is a kind of the initial separate description of the whole investigation viewed by a reader. Thus, the abstract should be treated as a perspective to install precise expectations. As the abstract summarizes the entire thesis, it should represent all the general components of the research in a pressed form. The following sample abstract thesis is related to the research on Ancient History â€Å"The Development of the Social-Cultural Institutions in Athenian Polis according to the Comedies by Aristophanes†. The paper reviews the evolution of the Athenian city-state from the beginning of the fifth to the end of the fourth centuries B.C. All the social, political, and cultural transformations are analyzed from the point of their influence on the citizenship mentality. In the first section of the text, the process of the incipience of the democratic social order in Athens is investigated. The author pays premium attention to the issue of the contribution of the cultural institutes to this phenomenon. Namely, the pride place goes to the appearance of a public theater. Additionally, social-cultural alterations are analyzed in a way as they are represented in the comedies by Aristophanes. The analysis of the key problems of peace and war, liberty and politics, upbringing and morality make the basis of this part of the research. The final chapter observes the crisis situation within the polis institutions and their origin. Together, these outcomes permit to draw a deduction that the developmen t of the Athenian polis primarily depended on the political and economic factors that caused deep alterations in the citizenship morality of the Classical Greek community.