Assertive Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assertive Communication - Essay Example Assertive communication entails expressing one’s point of view in a manner that is direct and clear while exuding respect. The communication is diplomatic and effective style because it is founded on mutual respect (Blokdijk, 2015). For freshman students at Bellevue College, assertive communication with their instructors is important because their needs will better cater for, and it will help of constructive relationships, minimization of conflicts. Students are always taught to concede to their instructors, but through assertive communication, they can avoid resentment, frustration, avoidance, and anxiety. There are three important elements of assertive communication. The first element is validation or empathy. It means that one is trying to say something that reflects an understanding of the other person’s feelings. The second element is a statement of the problem. This describes a person’s dissatisfaction with the current situation and it reveals why something needs to change. Lastly, it contains a statement of what a person wants. Assertive communication is a specific request for a change in the other person’s attitude, approach, or behavior (Blokdijk, 2015).

Specialist Provision BA Child and Youth Studies Essay

Specialist Provision BA Child and Youth Studies - Essay Example The last in my discussion is the medical and health conditions that may slow down the learning progress of a child or treatment that affects his or her education. I propose that a parent interacts with the child on daily basis so as to identify some of these difficulties. For example, talk often to the nursery school teacher to know the progress of your child. In case of the above signs you should talk to the teacher in charge of special educational needs referred to as SEN or SENCO, and if your child is not in school then you have to inform a doctor on the same (COHEN, 2009). On the other hand, in my opinion it is the responsibility of the school and other organizations in the society to help children overcome barriers and difficulties in their education, quickly and with ease. This is because not all children will need help all through their school life. However due to different progress rates among children, teachers should organize their lessons so as to assist those who have unique difficulties. For example, children showing slower progress when learning different educational concepts should be put as a group so as to offer extra help or even offer different lesson to help the children succeed in their education. Dominant culture in a given society is the established language, religion, behaviour, values, rituals and social customs. These traits make norms of a society. This culture achieves its dominance through the control of social institutions such as communication, educational institution, artistic expression, law, politics and business. In fact, different people in the society view children and young people in need of special educational needs differently depending on their norms and culture (STONE, 1995). All children in the society have the right to be educated and they be given tools to help them develop

Mixing Educator Basic Principle Engineering Essay

Mixing Educator Basic Principle Engineering Essay An educator is a device which mixes two liquids of different flow rates giving a solution of desired flow rate. Educators are made using a venturi design. It enables small pumps to circulate large volumes of tank solution. When pumping is used for solution agitation, the use of an educator will circulate four to five gallons of solution in the tank for every one gallon you pump. Fig 1.1: Mixing educator Basic principle It operates on the principle of flow dynamics pressurized fluid is accelerated through the nozzle to become a high velocity stream that entrains the tank content and intimately mixes with them. The combined stream exists the educator at a high velocity creating a flow field capable of causing additional agitation and mixing the tank contents. Tanks have used pumps without educators for solution mixing for years. Now with the usage of educators, the efficiency has been increased. Educators reduce the energy consumption of the pumps motors and will allow a smaller and less expensive pump to be used to perform the same job. Tank educators motive fluid may come from two sources. The tank liquid may be recirculated through the educator via and external pump or a secondary fluid maybe introduced into the tank. Secondary fluid can be liquid or a gas. Fig 1.2: Functioning of the Educator Usage Tank mixing educators are widely used in many applications to effectively and efficiently mix tank solutions. They offer many benefits over other approaches and are available in many different types of styles, sizes and materials. Tank Mixing Educators are used to agitate liquid, dissolve powdered solids in liquid, and to mix two or more liquids intimately within a tank or other vessel without the use of baffles or moving parts inside the tank. They are used to drain flooded cellars, empty tanks and sumps or bunds. Also used for pumping and mixing operations in oil treating systems. De-watering sand and coal barges, Introducing anti-knock fluids and colouring matter into gasoline. Continuous blending, Acidifying ,production of emulsions, Caustic zing of oils, Mixing drilling mud It can also be used to pump food products, sand and filter clay or activated carbon. Tank mixing. Educators are currently installed in the following types of re-circulating process tanks: Plating tanks Cleaning tanks Phosphate tanks E-coat paint tanks Sludge tanks Paint booths Anodizing tanks Cooling towers Fertilizer tanks Pulp tanks Decorative fountains Salt water aquariums Reef tanks Features As there are no moving parts in the educator, it minimizes the maintenance expenses. Optimum flow field enables more activity within the tank than competitive units without changing pumps. Compact design and ease of mounting prevents the educator from interfering with other tank equipment. The educator can be installed in a wide variety of open vessels or closed tanks.   It eliminates stratification and promotes a homogenous tank with relation to pH, temperature, solids or gas dispersion, and distribution of chemicals. As the educator can generate a directed flow field within the fluid being mixed including viscous fluids, slurries, and suspension ,it produces a unique agitation not available with other types of mixers. Liquids of different specific gravity can be mixed easily. It is excellent for scrubbing application. In-tank mounting eliminates the need for costly, complex mounting structures above tanks. Benefits Ensures homogeneous fluid mix throughout the tank. More thorough mixing results in solution uniformity such as temperature, pH level, solids/gas dispersion and chemical distribution which helps in ensuring product and process quality. Eliminates sludge build-up and reduces the tank cleaning time. Enables the usage of small pumps to circulate large volumes of tank solution. Smaller pumps are less costly to purchase- Units are small in relation to the work they do and cost is correspondingly low. Smaller pumps are less expensive to operate. Simplifies operation and maintenance as there are no moving parts it eliminates the need for compressed or blower air and the resulting oil contamination and/or ventilation problems. Self-Priming Educators are self-priming. They operate equally well in continuous or intermittent service. No Moving Parts Educators have a very simple design and are reliable. There are no moving parts to wear or break in a basic educator. Even when equipped with accessories such as regulating spindles, snap valves, float mechanisms only a little maintenance is required. Corrosion and Erosion Resistant Because they can be made of practically any workable material, or coated with corrosion-resistant materials, educators can be made highly resistant to the actions of the liquids handled or the environment in which located. Educators can be used in hazardous locations where electrically operated alternates would require explosion proofing at considerable cost .Hence they are very safe. Automatically Controlled Units can be adapted for automatic control by means of a pressure liquid regulating spindle or a snap-valve and float arrangement. Easy to Install Connections can be made to suit your piping requirements. Little space is required to accommodate units and they are normally so light in weight they can be supported by the piping to which they are attached. CHAPTER 2 TYPES OF EDUCATORS Water jet educators The Water Jet Educator is a type of ejector which utilizes the kinetic energy of a pressurized liquid to entrain another liquid, mix the two, and discharge the mixture against a counter pressure. These types of ejectors are used throughout industry for pumping, mixing and various other operations. During the operation, the pressure liquid enters the educator through the pressure nozzle producing a high velocity jet. This jet action creates a vacuum in the line which causes the suction liquid to flow up into the body of the educator where it is entrained by the pressure liquid. Both liquids are discharged against back pressure after being thoroughly mixed in the throat of the educator .The body with no pockets permits the pressure liquid to move straight through the educator and reduces the possibility of solids in the suction material collecting and clogging. In the suction chamber the pressure drop held to a minimum. Advantages: Low initial cost. Self-priming Easy to install Little or no maintenance required No moving parts No electrical connections required Fig 2.1: Water Jet Educators Automatic educators Automatic Water Jet Educators are used to pump out sumps where liquid accumulates slowly but must be evacuated when it has reached a predetermined level.As the liquid in the sump (basin, tank, cellar, bilge, etc.) is accumulated, it raises the ball float until the upward action of the float opens the snap-acting valve, admitting motive fluid into the pressure connection of the educator. The jet action of the motive fluid creates a vacuum in the educator and entrains the suction fluid, discharging both the fluids then. The sump level drops to a point where the snap acting valve shuts off ,as the suction fluid is pumped out. Pumping action does not take place until the sump again fills to the operating level. Advantages: Automatic operation. No electrical connection required. Only 2 moving parts- snap-acting valve and ball float. The full assembly is so compact it can be installed in tanks as small as 13 1/2 diameter. Condensate and mixing educator Fig 2.3: Condensate Educator These educators are designed to mix two liquids in various proportions in operations where the pressure liquid is the greater proportion of the mixture. In operation, the pressure liquid issues from the nozzle at high velocity and entrains the suction liquid. The high turbulence in the throat of the educator mixes the two liquids, blending and emulsifying thoroughly and completely. Colloidal suspensions are produced.. The pressure drop between the pressure liquid and the discharge should be at least 10 psi for adequate mixing, and the difference between the discharge pressure and the suction pressure should not exceed 75% of the difference between the operating pressure and the suction pressure. Applications: Removal of condensate Mixing gasoline Diluting acids and alkali Blending and proportionating chemical solutions Tank mixing educator It is done by mechanical agitation. They are used to agitate liquid, dissolve powdered solids in liquid, and to mix two or more liquids intimately within a tank without using baffles or moving parts inside the tank. Normally, the tank is filled by means of the educators. Mixing occurs as soon as the level of liquid in the tank covers the suction of the educator. In addition to the mixing obtained between the fluids in the educator, the jet action of the discharge from the educator serves to agitate the tank thus preventing stratification. Hopper equipped educator Hopper-Type Educators are made for handling slurries or dry solids in granular form and are used for ejecting sludges from tank bottoms, for pumping sand from filter beds and for washing and conveying granular materials. Typical materials handled include: borax, charcoal, diatomaceous earth, lime, mash, fly ash, rosin, rock and granulated salt, sand, dry sawdust, light soda ash, dry sodium nitrate, powdered sulphur, wheat and many others. Fig 2.5: Hopper Equipped Educator Advantages: no moving parts easy design (made from machine able or cast able materials) no maintenance required Water jet sand educator Water Jet Sand and Mud Educators are used in pumping out wells, pits, tanks, or sumps where there is an accumulation of sand, mud, or other material not easily handled by the standard educator. Heavy sludge residue can be handled easily from refining operations. They have an open suction and are designed to be submerged in the material being handled. The pressure liquid, passing through the nozzle, produces a high velocity jet which entrains the sludge or mud. Discharge then takes place through a vertical pipe or hose. Annular Multi-Nozzle Water Jet Educator Annular Multi-Nozzle Water Jet Educators are designed to handle solids and semi-solids. Water is introduced though the nozzles on the periphery. The pressure water creates a vacuum which draws in and entrains the material being handled. Fig 2.7: Multi -nozzle Water Jet Educator. Advantages: Highest efficiency Low discharge High air handling capacities. Plastic tank educators There are 2 types: PPL (Glass Reinforced Polypropylene) and PVDF (KYNAR ®). Educator circulation ratio of supply to discharge is1:5 Polypropylene (PPL) It is a polymer prepared catalytically from propylene which differs from HDPE by having an isotactic replacement of a hydrogen atom by a methyl group on alternate carbon atoms in the main chain. Although largely unreactive chemically the presence of the methyl groups makes Polypropylene slightly more susceptible to attack by strong oxidizing agents than HDPE. Quick Facts: Maximum Temperature: 275 °F 135 °C Minimum Temperature: 32 °F 0 °C Melting Point: 338 °F 170 °C   Tensile Strength: 4,500 psi   Hardness: R95   UV Resistance:  Poor   Translucent ,Rigid Specific Gravity: 0.90 Advantages: High temperature resistance Excellent resistance to dilute and concentrated acids, alcohols ,mineral oils . Good resistance to aldehydes, esters, aliphatic hydrocarbons. Limited resistance to aromatic and halogenated hydrocarbons. KYNAR (PVDF): Is a high molecular weight thermoplastic polymer with excellent chemical inertness. Quick Facts: Melting point : 352 ° F Heat deflection at 66 psi (ASTM D 648) : 300 ° F Heat deflection at 264 psi (ASTM D 648) : 235 ° F Maximum serving temperature for short term : 340 ° F Maximum serving temperature for long term : 285 ° F Thermal conductivity (ASTM C 177) : 1.32 Btu-inch/hr-ft~2-  ° F Specific heat : 0.23 Btu/lb-  ° F Coefficient of linear thermal expansion (ASTM D 696) : 7.110~5 Applicable temperature range for thermal expansion : 50-300 ° F Advantages: Highly resistant to oxidizing agents and halogens. Completely resistant to aliphatic aromatics, alcohols, acids and chlorinated solvents. Resistant to most acids and bases. Mechanically strong Thermally stable Resistant to low temperatures Self-extinguishing Non-toxic High dielectric strength Stable to ultraviolet and extreme conditions. CHAPTER 3 CUSTOM TANK EDUCATOR MANIFOLD DESIGN Manifold designs can be customized for various applications. Shown below is a type of design used by various industries for a number of applications. The main advantage of such a design is that it is highly efficient. Fig 31: Manifold Design CHAPTER 4 TYPES OF COATING 4.1 Fusion Bonded Coating A single coating offers excellent abrasion resistance that it can withstand the punishment of sand blasting.5-3 mils thick coating can be applied. Fig 4.1 Machine able Excellent Abrasion Resistance 300 ° F Continuous Service Impact Resistant Withstands Saltwater Environment Self-Lubrication Electrical Insulation 4.2 Edathon Coating This coating is applied by electrostatic powder spray or fluidized powder bed. Its strength, radiation resistance, wear resistance and creep resistance are greater than those of other fluoropolymers such as PTFF,FEP or PEA. Excellent Corrosion Resistance Excellent Abrasion Resistance 300 ° F Continuous Service Good Non-Stick Characteristics Excellent Dielectric Insulation Resistance to radiation High chemical and temperature resistant Fig: 4.2 Edathon Coating Edathon Coated Tank Nozzle CHAPTER 5 DESIGHNING OF AN EDUCATOR 5.1 Materials of Construction Carbon steel 316 SS Bronze PVC PPL PVDF Titanium Teflon Fiberglass 5.2 Design and Dimensions As it is one of the most cost-efficient and effective ways for manufacturers to get the best performance from their re-circulating process tanks, it is easy to see why tank mixing educators are the design of choice for all major manufacturers. To obtain optimal mixing performance, it is important to understand these product differences and how to specify and install educators. Liquid mixing educators consists of a nozzle, a venture and a body to hold parts in their relative positions and to provide a suction chamber. Additional accessories such as regulating spindles, snap values and floats for controlled agitation can also be added to the design. Liquid jet educators are manufactured in a variety of types and sizes as well as materials .The standard type are: 264 type-0.5 inch to 6 inch 266 type-0.5 inch to 6 inch 242 type-0.5 inch to 24 inch Before determining the correct type and size of the educator certain variables such as pressure, temperature, density required ,entrainment rates and operating conditions must all be considered. Fig 5.2 Design Fig 5.3: Dimensions of an Educator Table 1: Types of educators Dimension A Dimension B Dimension C Dimension D Size Max Free Passage IN (mm) IN (mm) IPS (mm) IN (mm) 3/8 0.2656 5.00 (127) 2.50 (64) 3/8 MNPT (10) .50 (12) 3/4 0.4062 7.25 (184) 3.69 (94) 3/4 MNPT (20) .81 (20) 1-1/2 0.5625 10.88 (276) 5.50 (140) 1-1/2 FNPT (40) 1.12 (28) 2 0.8125 14.50 (368) 7.69 (195) 2 FNPT (50) 1.62 (41) 3 1.1875 22.00 (559) 11.75 (298) 3 FNPT (80) 2.50 (63) 4 consult 25.00 (635) 12.00 (305) 4 FNPT (100) 3.00 (76) 6 consult 35.00 (889) 25.00 (635) 6 FNPT (150) 4.50 (114) CHAPTER 6 WORKING As the motive liquid enters the tank contents into the suction openings ,a thorough mixing takes place within the unit before being discharged. Further mixing and agitation is provided by the discharge flow within the tank. The motive fluid is drawn from the tank. Requirements for Mixing: Minimum inlet pressure 10 PSIG Maximum inlet pressure 100 PSIG For efficient operation the inlet pressure should be within the range of 20 to 70 PSIG. As the solution is pumped through an educators orifice, a low pressure area is created that acts to pull solution from behind the bell shape of the educator and direct the solution out of the bell end.  Ã‚  For each gallon of solution that is pumped through the educator, five gallons of additional solution is circulated within the tank. Fig 6.1: Working CHAPTER 7 GUIDELINES FOR SPECIFYING MIXING EDUCATORS Step 1: Determine the needed turnover rate: How many times per hour does the tank solution need to circulate through the educators? The answer is application dependent and based on solution viscosity and the number of particulates. A general rule of thumb is 20 turnovers per hour. Some typical guidelines are given below: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Plating and rinsing tanks: 10 to 20 turnovers per hour although (some plating tanks may require more than 30 turnovers per hour). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Cleaning tanks: at least 10 turnovers per hour à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Heavily soiled tanks: up to 20 turnovers per hour à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Critical cleaning tanks: more than 20 turnovers per hour. Step 2: Calculate the needed flow rate: Multiply the turnover rate by the tank volume and then divide by 60. Example: Let, turnover rate/hr. =10; Tank volume=800 gallons Then 10 x 800=800 gph Now 8000 à · 60 =133.3 gpm Step 3: Determine the needed inlet flow rate: As educators mix at a 5:1 ratio, take the gallons (litters) per minute and divide by 5. Example: 133.3 à · 5 = 26.7 gpm Step 4: Determine the educator size required with the help of the performance table. Step 5: Determine how many educators you need: Multiple educators may be used to obtain the needed flow rate or to prevent stagnation which is a common problem in square and rectangular tanks. In general, using multiple educators in larger tanks will provide more effective mixing than one centrally located educator. Step6: Determine the educator placement: As little agitation occurs below the level of the educator, in order to obtain maximum liquid turnover, the educators should be positioned as close as possible to the bottom of the tank. If settling cannot be tolerated, install the educators 1 (.3 m) above the bottom of the tank. Educators should be placed so the flow field will reach the farthest and highest liquid level at the opposite side of the tank. Mounting adapters are available to direct flow as needed. The educators should be placed 12 (.3 m) apart for uniform and even agitation. CHAPTER 8 OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS Mathematical Model The educator designed here is made up of fiberglass and is based on the operating data for type 264. For the test the eductant used is water and the suction fluid used is blue ink. Eductant pressure, suction head and discharge pressure were varied and the eductant and suction flows were measured. For example: The following table shows the values calculate when using a .48 educator, with 15 PSI pressure available. The flow rate through the nozzle will be 25 GPM-The total amount circulated will be 125 GPM. Table 2: Observations Size orifice and NPT connection Pressure (PSI) 8 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Nozzle Flow (USGPM) .20 1/4 NPT 3.2 3.5 4.3 5.0 5.5 6.1 6.6 7.0 .30   Ã‚   3/8   6.2 7.5 9.2 10.7 11.9 13.1 14.1 15 .37 3/4 11.8 13.5 17 19 21 23 25 27 .48 1 18.7 21 25 29 33 36 39 42 .62 1 1/2 33 41 47 53 58 63 67 8.2 Graphical Analysis The graph for flow vs. pressure drop was calculated for different diameters is show below: Fig 8.2 : Graphical Analysis (Flow Vs Pressure Drop) 8.3 Performance Table Table 3:Performance and observation The values for the designed educator we measured and tabulated below: Size IPS Pressure Difference, PSI 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 120 140 Motive Flow (GPM) 7.1 10.0 12.3 14.2 15.8 17.4 18.7 20.1 21.3 22.4 24.6 26.5 3/8 MNPT Outlet Flow (GPM) 35 50 61 71 79 87 88 90 91 92 94 96 Max. Plume Length 4 8 12 16 22 29 36 43 50 58 72 86 Table 4:Performance Study The estimated values for the educators of various other sizes are tabulated below: 3/4 MNPT Motive Flow (GPM) 15.4 21.8 26.7 30.8 34.5 37.8 40.8 43.6 46.3 48.8 53.4 57.7 Outlet Flow (GPM) 77 109 134 154 172 189 192 195 197 200 204 209 Max. Plume Length (FT) 5 11 17 24 33 42 53 64 74 85 106 127 Motive Flow (GPM) 30.8 43.6 53.4 61.6 68.9 75.5 81.5 87.2 92.5 97.5 107 115 1-1/2 FNPT Outlet Flow (GPM) 154 218 267 306 345 378 384 389 395 400 409 417 Max. Plume Length (FT) 7.5 16 24 34 46 60 75 90 105 120 150 180 2 FNPT Motive Flow (GPM) 61.6 87.2 107 123 138 151 163 174 185 195 214 231 Outlet Flow (GPM) 308 436 534 616 689 755 767 778 789 799 818 835 Max. Plume Length (FT) 11 23 34 48 65 85 106 12 148 170 212 255 Motive Flow (GPM) 142 201 246 283 317 347 375 401 426 449 491 531 3 FNPT Outlet Flow (GPM) 708 1,003 1,228 1,417 1,585 1,737 1,764 1,790 1,815 1,836 1,880 1,920 Max. Plume Length (FT) 16 34 51 73 99 129 161 193 225 257 322 386 4 Flanged Motive Flow (GPM) 246 349 427 493 551 604 652 698 740 780 856 920 Outlet Flow (GPM) 1,232 1,744 2,136 2,448 2,760 3,024 3,072 3,112 3,160 3,200 3,272 3,336 Max. Plume Length (FT) 22 41 60 95 132 164 196 228 260 295 360 424 6 Flanged Motive Flow (GPM) 493 698 854 986 1,102 1,208 1,304 1,395 1,480 1,560 1,712 1,840 Outlet Flow (GPM) 2,464 3,488 4,272 4,896 5,520 6,048 6,144 6,224 6,320 6,400 6,544 6,672 8 Flanged Motive Flow (GPM) 986 1,395 1,709 1,971 2,205 2,416 2,608 2,790 2,960 3,120 3,424 3,680 Outlet Flow (GPM) (FT) 4,928 6,976 8,544 9,792 11,040 12,096 12,384 12,448 12,640 12,800 13,088 13,344 10 Flanged Motive Flow (GPM) 1,971 2,790 3,418 3,942 4,410 4,832 5,216 5,581 5,920 6,240 6,848 7,360 Outlet Flow (GPM) 9,856 13,952 17,088 19,584 22,080 24,192 24,576 24,896 25,344 25,600 26,176 26,688 CHAPTER 9 CONCLUSION This report consists of the basic principle, the design and a performance study of the mixing educator. Chapter 1 is basically an introduction to the topic and summarizes the principle, applications, features and advantages of the educator. Chapter 2 summarizes the different types of educators used in the industries today. Chapter 3 shows the different custom made designs. Chapter 4 shows the types of coatings used on the educators and its advantages. Chapter 5 summarizes the designing of the educator. Its consists of the educators of different dimensions and their construction. Chapter 7 summarizes the guidelines for specifying the educator. Chapter 8 consists the mathematical model and the performance study. Tanks have used pumps without educators for solution mixing for years .Now with the usage of educators ,the efficiency has been increased .Educators reduce the energy consumption of the pumps motors and will allow a smaller and less expensive pump to be used to perform the same job CHAPTER 10 REFRENCES Robert D. Blevins, Applied Fluid Dynamics Handbook, 1984. Crane Co., Flow of Fluids Through Valves, Fittings and Pipe, 1988 J. R. Lawson, Educator Testing for Waste Dilution, Dec. 28, 1981. Otis, R. H., Preliminary Design Study for an Enhanced Mixing Educator for Gas Turbine Exhaust Systems, Masters Thesis, Restricted Distribution, Naval Postgraduate School, March 1998. Stephen W. Dudar,Preliminary Design Study of an Enhanced Mixing Educator System for the LHA (R) Gas Turbine Exhaust  [Chapter 5]. Robert H. Perry, Cecil H. Chilton, Sidney D. Kirkpatrick, Chemical Engineers Handbook, Fourth Ehtion, 1963.

Free Hamlet Essays: Deceit and the Downfall of Hamlet :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Deceit and the Downfall of Hamlet Deceit is a major cause of the downfall of Hamlet. This is demonstrated in three instances in the play. First, Polonius spies on Hamlet while he is talking privately with his mother Gertrude. Second, Claudius sends Hamlet away to England. Finally, Laertes and Claudius scheme to kill Hamlet. The first way that deceit leads to the eventual downfall of Hamlet is Polonius' spying. In Act III, scene iii, Polonius decides to help the king by spying on Hamlet and his mother when he says, "My lord, [the king] he's going to his mothers closet. Behind the arras I'll convey myself to hear the process." (III; iii; 28 - 29) In Act III, scene iv, Polonius gets his chance and listens to a conversation between Hamlet and his mother, hoping that Hamlet would confide something in his mother that could be used against him. Unfortunately for Polonius, Hamlet hears him behind the curtain, and (thinking that Polonius is actually a spying King Claudius) immediately stabs and kills him. This event contributes to Hamlet's downfall because Claudius is able to use it as an excuse to send Hamlet away to England. Officially, the king sends Hamlet away, "for thine especial safety," (IV; iii; 37) with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern because the murder might earn him some enemies. Privately though, Claud ius plans to have Rosencrantz and Guildenstern go with Hamlet to convey a message to the King of England that Hamlet is to be executed. In addition, by sending Hamlet away, Claudius is protecting himself because Hamlet is, "loved of the distracted multitude [the public]." (IV; iii; 4) So, if Hamlet were to show the people that Claudius had killed Hamlet's father, then they might believe him, and as a result, overthrow and kill Claudius. Thus, the downfall is that Claudius wants Hamlet dead. In addition, if Claudius' plan works, then Hamlet dies and his father’s death would not be avenged. So, if Polonius had not spied on Hamlet and Gertrude, Hamlet would not have killed Polonius and thus, Claudius would not have a good enough excuse to send Hamlet away to England. Fortunately for Hamlet, Claudius' deceit fails. This deceit, however, still does contribute to the eventual downfall of Hamlet. Aboard the ship to England, Hamlet discovers Claudius' message being sent by Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Hamlet explains later, "Groped I to find out them, [Rosencrantz and Guildenstern] had my desire, fingered their packet, and in fine withdrew.

Cattle Ranching and It’s Increasing Affect on Deforestation Essay

One may not look at the hamburger in their hands and automatically think, â€Å"What was done to our environment in order to make this delicious piece of meat?† but it really is a question that any meat consumer should consider. Believe it or not, eating that one hamburger indirectly causes the rate of deforestation to increase every single day! It actually is quite simple how this hamburger affects both our environment and agriculture. In order for meat industries to be able to distribute their products to consumers, they need the cattle to be raised, fed, and grown and of course, cattle ranchers need a place to raise their cattle. In order for these ranchers to have space for the cattle to do so, trees are actually being cut down to make room for these pastures. In turn, one of the largest impacts that the meat industry has on our environment is its contribution to the ever-increasing rise of deforestation all over the world. The thing that most people do not realize is that the land being used to raise the meat that they consume, was once a flourishing forest. This process of deforestation starts when the land inside a forest is cut through to make a reasonable enough size path for a road to reside. Once the area for the road is cleared, commercial farmers will move in and start to grow crops. The problem with this is that rainforest soil is not efficient enough to handle crops that need sustainable soil. Needless to say, the crops do not endure for more than two to three years. More often than not, ranchers use the remnants of these now beaten down crops and grassy fields for their cattle to graze. There are many negative impacts caused by this deforestation and pasture conversion. With every tree cut down and cleared away, carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are emitted into our atmosphere and pollute the air. The trees act as a sort of â€Å"canopy† and absorb much of the carbon to convert into woody tissue. Without having trees as tools of absorption, the carbon instead invades the air in which we breathe. Along with deforestation, the actual production of the aforementioned farming and meat industry emits many harmful chemicals into our world. According to Environmental Defense, if every American skipped one meal of chicken per week and substituted vegeta rian foods instead, the carbon dioxide savings would be the same as taking more than a half-million cars off U.S. roads. (Goveg.com). This goes hand in hand with deforestation because the production, from the cutting down of the trees and the processing that must occur, there are many harmful gases, like carbon dioxide, being emitted into the air. Soil degradation is also an outcome of this deforestation caused by the need for grazing land. The soil in the rainforests is very fragile. The different nutrients that the soil gains come from fallen leaves and branches from the trees. The trees also help to protect the soil from the radiating sun and any torrential rain. Native grasses provide few nutrients and little protection for the soil and the overgrazing actually accelerates the nutrient loss and erosion. The worst part is that livestock production compounds this damage, making it irreversible. To put things even more into perspective, here is another frightening fact: it only takes between five to ten years for the overgrazing and nutrient loss caused by cattle and deforestation to turn the rainforest land into an eroded wasteland. An area of rainforest the size of seven football fields is destroyed every minute to make room for grazing cattle (Goveg.com). In contrast to those who eat meat, vegetarians save one acre of trees every year by eating a meat-free diet, thereby saving the need to cut down the trees for grazing purposes (Goveg.com). This is the true because if there is a decrease in the demand for meat, then there is a decrease in the amount trees being cut down since fewer cattle will need room to graze. The next time someone picks up a burger, I suggest you say to them, â€Å"I bet you didn’t know by eating that burger you are also killing acres of trees†¦.† Works Cited Achor, Amy Blount. Animal Rights: A Beginner’s Guide. Ohio: WriteWare, Inc., 1996. Brown, Michael L. â€Å"Limiting Corrupt Incentives in a Global REDD Regime.† Ecology Law Quarterly (2010): 237-267. â€Å"Cattle Ranching and Deforestation.† Live Stock Policy Brief. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 13 Sept. 2010 â€Å"Eating For Life.†GoVeg.com: Vegetarian and Vegan Information. PETA. Web. 8 Apr. 2010. . Fox, Michael Allen. â€Å"Vegetarianism and Planetary Health.† Ethics and Environment (2000):163-174.

Analysis of ICT task for a hairdresser’s booking system

The new hairdresser salon called Hair Studio that has opened needs to improve its record keeping system because the record keeping system at present is not very reliable and does not work efficiently. Therefore the ICT specialist’s job is to introduce an efficient system to store the customer’s details and to develop a reliable booking system. The system needs to be able to book appointments for the customers quick and easy. The new system should be able to help the salon to function more smoothly and the ICT system that I will give the hair salon will help the business become more organised and can easily handle the client’s data more efficiently. The details of the customers will be stored in a section where all the personal details of each customer will be stored and the appointments will be stored in the booking system. There are many ways of promoting the business one of the ways is to advertise the business to the public and make sure that they are aware that the business is open and where the branch of the business is located. The point of advertising is to the public to come to the salon and this will make the hair salon more popular and the salons profits will increase. Also you can read Analysis July at the Multiplex There are two ways, which it is possible to improve the way the hair salon is run either by keeping the existing paper based system to store the client details and appointments or I can use a computerised system to store all the details and information. An example of a paper-based system is a record card system where all the details of the customers are put on a pack of cards in alphabetical order. An example of a computerised system is a database system or Microsoft Access. Computerised system Advantages of a computerised system. Disadvantages of a computerised system. 1. You can set-up a primary key 2. You can perform queries 3. Can be sorted in alphabetical order 4. Validation incorrect data cannot be entered 5. The can be a menu page to make it more professional 6. Backup in case the data becomes lost. 7. Spell check 1. You need to train people to use the computerised system. 2. If the computer crashes the data can be lost. Paper based system Advantages of a paper based system. Disadvantages of a paper based system. 1. Portable/ Easy to carry place to place. 2. No training needed to operate the paper based system. 3. Keep securely in a locked place so no one can enter the cards containing the details. 1. Messy looks unprofessional. 2. Takes up space. 3. If any alteration takes place this can make the information untidy. 4. Confusion 2 people might have the same names. 5. The writing needs to be readable by all members of the staff. My chosen solution is using a Microsoft access, which is a database that I can create the system on. There will be a series of subtasks I will need to collect the information using a data collection form or through an interview. This will help me to collect the data. I will need to design the structure of the data capture form such as columns and a menu page also I need to design a data entry form. The data that will be inputted in the database is the records and the details. And finally I need to make sure that the information that is inputted into the database is valid and correct. Read also  Case 302 July in Multiplex To advertise my business I will use a poster or a leaflet to advertise it to the customers so they are aware that the business is new to the area and is open to the public. I can use many different methods to advertise my business I could use billboards, Leaflet, radio and poster. Poster Advantages of the leaflet Disadvantages of the leaflet 1. Instant Visual Impact 2. Relatively Cheap 3. Can be seen by a large number of people if strategically placed. 1. Limited amount of information is presented 2. It’s difficult to measure effectiveness. Radio Advantages of the Radio Disadvantages of the Radio 1. Relatively cheap 2. Most of the customers will hear the advertisement on the Radio. 3. Most groups and many age ranges covered. 1. Not visual 2. No copy of the material 3. Have to rely on the target audience listening at the correct time. My chosen solution is the poster; I will use the poster to advertise my business to the public. As you can see there are many advantages and disadvantages of using the radios and the billboards to advertise the business the method I will use is the poster because this way is more efficient and easy to do. I will design a draft of the poster on Microsoft and I will design it also on Microsoft word and then I will distribute it to the customers.

Second Grade Math Worksheets

Second Grade Math Worksheets The following 2nd grade math worksheets address the basic concepts taught in the second grade. Concepts addressed include: money, addition, subtractions, word problems, subtraction and telling time. You will need the Adobe reader for the following worksheets. 2nd Grade Word ProblemsAddition - 2 more than.Ten MoreHundreds Chart ActivitiesCounting by 5 WorksheetsAdding DoublesAdding 5 more than.Mixed addition.Mixed addition.Mystery boxes.Number Sentences to 20.Addition: vertically.2 Digit Adding With Regrouping3 Digit Addition - No RegroupingWord Problems.More Word Problems.Basic Subtraction FactsSubtraction Facts with Missing Blanks2 Digit Subtraction - no regroupingBeginning FractionsCounting US coins to 50 centsShow the Money AmountsCounting Canadian coins to 50 centsTelling Time WorksheetsI Have, Who Has Math Game   Second-grade worksheets have been created to emphasize understanding of the concept and should not be used in isolation to teach a concept. Each concept should be taught using math manipulatives and many concrete experiences. For instance, when teaching subtraction, use cereal, coins, jelly beans and provide many experiences with physically moving the objects and printing the number sentence (8 - 3 5). Then move to the worksheets. For word problems, students/learners should have an understanding of the computations required and then exposure to word problems are necessary to ensure they can use the computation in authentic situations.    When beginning fractions, many experiences with pizzas, fraction bars and circles should be used to ensure understanding. Fractions have two components for understanding, parts of a set (eggs, rows in gardens) and parts of the whole (pizza, chocolate bars etc.)   I have, who has, is a fun game to enhance learning.

Miss Havisham as a Mysterious and Complex Presence Essay Example

Miss Havisham as a Mysterious and Complex Presence Essay Example Miss Havisham as a Mysterious and Complex Presence Paper Miss Havisham as a Mysterious and Complex Presence Paper Essay Topic: A Woman Killed With Kindness The novel Is written retrospectively using first person narration. This gives the reader the impression that they are part of an intimate and confessional storytelling. Pip first meets Miss Having when he is summoned to play with her adopted daughter Estella. Stats house is set in a very upper class area but is very run down, the windows and doors are barred and locked, to keep people in as well as out. Its gothic architecture adds to the dark and brooding Image of the house and its occupant. The readers first Introduction to Miss Having occurs when Pip enters her room which is gloomy and 11th only by candlelight. She Is dressed In rich materials. Silks, satins and ace, all in white which has now yellowed and shabby with age very similar to her jaundiced attitude towards men. She continued to wear her veil, a pagan representation of virginity and dried and decayed flowers in her hair. In contrast she wears shining jewels around her hands and neck. He observes that the dress that she Is wearing had been put on the figure of a young woman and the carcass on which It now hangs had shrunk to skin and bone. The gloomy and decaying theme continues throughout PIPs encounters with MISS Having. Dickens uses words Like faded, no brightness, like black fungus and the daylight was completely excluded to relate the atmosphere of both the house and its inhabitant. As he walks towards her he notices that all the clocks have stopped at twenty minutes to nine and she says: Look at me, you are not afraid of a woman who has not seen the sun since you were born? again emphasizing the dark aura surrounding her. Dickens uses a great deal of figurative language In the novel relating to death and decay, especially in his description of MISS Having. She openly speaks of having her heart broken. Pip notices that it is as if she has stopped living and that her life as she knew it had need once her engagement was broken. It is as if she is permanently stuck in the past and cannot or will not move forward. She literally did not see the light of day from this point. We learn later that her fiance © Composers abandoned her on her wedding morning at this exact time. Pip describes Miss Hafniums appearance when he first meets her as the strangest lady I have ever seen. He Is anxious, scared and confused and his childlike use of vivid imagery conjures up a vision of a macabre and decrepit old woman. He likens her to a ghastly waxwork he saw at a fair and also to skeleton he once saw in a church. Pips description of her represents two stages where in effect life has stopped. Here Dickens appears to suggest that although Miss Having has succeeded in stopping her own advancement when she received the letter, namely ten malting AT ten clocks, ten continual wearing AT nerd waling clothes and the wedding cake decaying on the table, she is unable to stop the passage of time, and prevent her body deteriorating. Pip notes So she sat corpse like. Another reference to death, not only physical, but that of love dying. Miss Having was bought up by her father with no maternal influence. This may explain her difficulty to bestow love on Pip and Estella and the harsh way in which she treats them. She had been badly treated by men throughout her life, her father who spoiled her and denied her nothing, ensuring that she does not have the usual boundaries of childhood, and her fiance © and half brother, the former who courted and finally Jilted her and who along with the latter swindled her out of a fortune. She is obsessive in her attempt to get revenge on Composers and in all men in general. During the Victorian era there was a great divide between rich and poor and social class was very important. Pip came from the working class and as such was not highly educated. He feels embarrassed about his social status and when Estelle mocks him for being a common labouringly boy with course hands, Miss Having does nothing to chastise her, in fact she seems to revel in his discomfiture. Miss Having taunts Pip with Estella beauty and finds a perverse pleasure in encouraging Estella to break his (and other mens) hearts. This is Just the beginning of her cruelties to Estella and Pip. Throughout the novel she tampers with their lives. She pretends that it was her who was Pips benefactress, and she is controlling from the very start, for instance when Pip comes to play at Stats House; she mutters witch-like incantations at him: Play, play, play And love her, love her, love her Pip falls madly in love with Estella, something that Miss Having in her warped frame of mind, enjoys. She relishes the fact that Pip has fallen for Estella and is enjoying seeing some-one love another person so strongly only to have their heart broken as she had many years before. Dickens makes a very interesting comparison between Miss Having and the convict Magnetic, who it turns out is Estella father, in that they were both cheated by Composers. However, there is a stark contrast in their chose n methods of revenge. She chooses to become manipulative and evil towards Pip and Estella. Whereas Magnetic remembers Pips kindness and chooses to be benevolent towards Pip in order to ease him towards the position of a gentleman. Dickens uses clever reference to color throughout his description of Miss Having. The white of her clothes, which represents purity along with the yellow of decay. When Miss Having is burning from setting her clothes on fire, the red of the flames could be seen as a representation of love. It is interesting that earlier in the text she is referred to as the witch of the place and that the conflagration could be likened to a witch being burned at the stake. The reader can recognize the comparison between her being aflame and the emotion of love which can be said to be a burning desire. This is the last reference to her being a witch-like figure in the story, and in ways can be seen to be her being cleansed by fire, a biblical reference. On Pips last visit to Cats, he is no longer a young boy, he is an adult and has a different perspective of the world. He is older and wiser and the roles of he and Miss Having have reversed. He has come to ask a favor of her, namely to borrow some money, rather than when he was young and she always asked things of him. Interestingly although she asked things of him, it was always in a demanding way and she had to be in control. However now seen Is Digging Nils Eternalness. seen reels Tanat cannot Torture nerd UT t D I Is more important to her that Pip does. Dickens ensures that the reader considers whether Miss Hafniums fate was deserved. She was indeed cruel to both Pip and Estella, however she had led a very sad and unfulfilled life and her life ended in a very cruel ay. She did in the end appear to find a friend in Pip and begs his forgiveness for her maltreatment of him. Pip like a true gentleman does in fact forgive her before she dies. A mind mortally hurt and diseased this is perhaps the most significant quote in the novel. It articulates the vital complexity of her character, describing her as a victim who became an antagonist as a consequence of her maltreatment during childhood by her father, and during womanhood by Composers. Miss Having is presented as a mysterious presence by primarily not being revealed until late in the book. However, her obsession with revenge and her likeness to a witch also are contributory factors, and conjure images and perceptions in the readers head of what Miss Having is really like and her appearance. Once revealed, she is still retains a mysterious presence especially when she is killed by being set alight a witch-like way to die, and in her time of dying she finally apologizes to Pip and Estella for all the wrong she has done to them. Bibliography Dickens, C. (1860) Great Expectations. Hawse, D (2007) Charles Dickens. London: Continuum Davis, P. (1999) Charles Dickens A-Z. Checkmate Books

Biography of Barack Obama, 44th U.S. President

Biography of Barack Obama, 44th U.S. President Barack Obama (born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th president of the United States, the first African-American to do so. Prior to that, he was a civil rights lawyer, constitutional law professor, and U.S. senator from Illinois. As president, Obama oversaw the passage of several notable pieces of legislation, including the Affordable Care Act (also known as Obamacare) and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. Fast Facts: Barack Obama Known For: Obama was the 44th president of the United States.Born: August 4, 1961 in Honolulu, HawaiiParents: Barack Obama Sr. and Ann DunhamEducation: Occidental College, Columbia University (B.A.), Harvard University (J.D.)Awards and Honors: Nobel Peace PrizeSpouse: Michelle Robinson Obama (m. 1992)Children: Malia, Sasha Early Life Barack Obama was born on August 4, 1961, in Honolulu, Hawaii, to a white mother and a black father. His mother Ann Dunham was an anthropologist, and his father Barack Obama Sr. was an economist. They met while studying at the University of Hawaii. The couple divorced in 1964 and Obama Sr. returned to his native Kenya to work for the government. He rarely saw his son after this separation. In 1967, Barack Obama moved with his mother to Jakarta, where he lived for four years. At the age of 10, he returned to Hawaii to be raised by his maternal grandparents while his mother completed fieldwork in Indonesia. After finishing high school, Obama went on to study at Occidental College, where he gave his first public speech- a call for the school to divest from South Africa in protest of the countrys system of apartheid. In 1981, Obama transferred to Columbia University, where he graduated with a degree in political science and English literature. In 1988, Obama began studying at Harvard Law School. He became the first black president of the Harvard Law Review and spent his summers working at law firms in Chicago. He graduated magna cum laude in 1991. Marriage Obama married Michelle LaVaughn Robinson- a lawyer from Chicago he met while he was working in the city- on October 3, 1992. Together they have two children, Malia and Sasha. In her 2018 memoir Becoming, Michelle Obama described their marriage as a full-on merger, a reconfiguring of two lives into one, with the well-being of a family taking precedence over any one agenda or goal.† Barack supported Michelle when she chose to leave private law for public service, and she supported him when he decided to enter politics. Career Before Politics Upon graduating from Columbia University, Barack Obama worked at Business International Corporation and then at the New York Public Interest Research Group, a non-partisan political organization. He then moved to Chicago and became director of the Developing Communities Project. After law school, Obama wrote his memoir, Dreams from My Father, which was widely acclaimed by critics and other writers, including Nobel Prize winner Toni Morrison. Obama worked as a community organizer and taught constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School for 12 years. He also worked as a lawyer during this same period. In 1996, Obama made his foray into political life as a member of the Illinois State Senate. He supported bipartisan efforts to improve healthcare and increase tax credits for childcare. Obama was reelected to the State Senate in 1998 and again in 2002. U.S. Senate In 2004, Obama launched a campaign for U.S. Senate. He positioned himself as a progressive and an opponent of the Iraq War. Obama won a decisive victory in November with 70% of the vote and was sworn in as a U.S. senator in January 2005. As a senator, Obama served on five committees and chaired the European Affairs subcommittee. He sponsored legislation to expand Pell grants, provide support for victims of Hurricane Katrina, improve the safety of consumer products, and reduce homelessness among veterans. By now, Obama was a national figure and a rising star in the Democratic Party, having delivered the keynote address at the 2004 Democratic National Convention. In 2006, Obama released his second book, The Audacity of Hope, which became a New York Times bestseller. 2008 Election Obama began his run for U.S. president in February 2007. He was nominated after a very close primary race against key opponent Hillary Clinton, the wife of former president Bill Clinton. Obama chose Delaware Sen. Joe Biden to be his running mate. The two campaigned on a platform of hope and change; Obama made ending the Iraq War and passing healthcare reform his primary issues. His campaign was notable for its digital strategy and fundraising efforts. With support from small donors and activists across the nation, the campaign raised a record $750 million. Obamas main opponent in the presidential race was Republican Sen. John McCain. In the end, Obama won 365 electoral votes and 52.9% of the popular vote. First Term Within the first 100 days of his presidency, Obama signed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, a piece of legislation designed to address the worst effects of the Great Recession. The Recovery Act was a stimulus package that injected about $800 billion into the economy through tax incentives for individuals and businesses, infrastructure investment, aid for low-income workers, and scientific research. Leading economists broadly agreed that this stimulus spending helped reduce unemployment and avert further economic challenges. Obamas signature achievement- the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (also known as Obamacare)- was passed on March 23, 2010. The legislation was designed to ensure that all Americans have access to affordable health insurance by subsidizing those who meet certain income requirements. At the time of its passage, the bill was quite controversial. In fact, it was even taken before the Supreme Court, which ruled in 2012 that it was not unconstitutional. By the end of 2010, Obama had also added two new judges to the Supreme Court- Sonia Sotomayor, who was confirmed on August 6, 2009, and Elena Kagan, who was confirmed on August 5, 2010. Both are members of the courts liberal wing. On May 1, 2011, Osama Bin Laden, the mastermind of the September 11, 2001, terror attacks, was killed during a Navy SEAL raid in Pakistan. This was a major victory for Obama, winning him praise across party lines. The death of bin Laden marks the most significant achievement to date in our nation’s effort to defeat al Qaeda, Obama said in a public address to the nation. Today’s achievement is a testament to the greatness of our country and the determination of the American people. 2012 Reelection Obama launched his campaign for reelection in 2011. His main challenger  was Republican Mitt Romney, a former governor of Massachusetts. To make use of growing social networks like Facebook and Twitter, the Obama campaign hired a team of tech workers to build digital campaign tools. The election centered on domestic issues, including healthcare and Social Security, and in many ways was a referendum on the Obama administrations response to the Great Recession. In November 2012, Obama defeated Romney with 332 electoral votes and 51.1% of the popular vote. Obama called the victory a vote for action, not politics as usual, and promised to work on bipartisan proposals to improve the American economy. Second Term During his second term as president, Obama focused on new challenges facing the country. In 2013, he organized a group to begin negotiations with Iran. An agreement was reached in 2015 in which the United States would lift sanctions and steps would be taken to prevent Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons. Following the mass shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in December 2012, Obama signed a series of executive orders designed to reduce gun violence. He also voiced support for more comprehensive background checks and a ban on assault weapons. In a press conference at the White House, Obama said, If there is even one thing we can do to reduce this violence, if there is even one life that can be saved, then weve got an obligation to try. In June 2015, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Obergefell v. Hodges that same-sex marriage was protected by the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. This was a major milestone in the fight for LGBTQ rights. Obama called the ruling a victory for America. In July 2013, Obama announced that the United States had negotiated plans to restore diplomatic relations with Cuba. The following year, he became the first American president to visit the country since Calvin Coolidge did so in 1928. The shift in U.S.-Cuba relations- dubbed the Cuban thaw- was met with approval by many political leaders around the world. Legacy Obama is the first African-American to not only be nominated by a major political party but also to win the presidency of the United States. He ran as an agent of change. His true impact and the significance of his presidency will not be determined for many years to come. Sources Obama, Barack.  Dreams from My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance. Canongate, 2016.Obama, Michelle. Becoming. Crown Publishing Group, 2018.Remnick, David.  The Bridge: The Life and Rise of Barack Obama. Vintage Books, 2011.

The Cold War And Vietnam Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Cold War And Vietnam - Research Paper Example Since they never come out in the open,   their stories are published in the newspapers. In short, he was associating the phrase‘cold war’ as â€Å"fight among goons† where ordinary people have nothing to do. He also confirmed having not read anything about the Cold war in the school. Non-Hispanic American had sufficient knowledge about the Cold war. He was aware of the fact that before the collapse of the Soviet Russia, the relations between the US and the USSR were very tense. He saidâ€Å"Soviet Russia had planted nuclear missiles in Cuba to attack the US. But with the counter threat by the US president, those missiles were later removed when the US gave assurance to the Soviet Russia that they will not attack Cuba†. In his mind, this was the most dreaded event of the Cold war.   It is quite clear that at least one respondent – African American did not know about the term ‘cold war’ because he never read anything about it in the pa st.   What he loosely explained as entirely his own imagination. The understanding of Vietnamese and non-Hispanic American of the war was quite in line with the details mentioned in the overview. Vietnamese knew about the Cold war more in detail because of his background and the suffering that his countrymen had gone through;   also, he had read about the Cold war during his school-days. Similarly, a non-Hispanic American had a fairly good image of the term ‘cold war’ and some of its consequences.

Sixth Amendment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sixth Amendment - Essay Example The right to a speedy trial is calculated to ensure that the accused is not unduly remanded in custody while awaiting trial. It safeguards against the possibility that an innocent person should have a criminal charge hanging over his head for an unreasonable period of time. (Head) The requirement for a public trial ensures that the judicial process is accountable and that under public scrutiny a public record of the trial will aid in judicial review of the process via the appellate system. The right to an impartial jury is calculated to further ensure that the criminal trial process is free of prejudices and unfairness. Jury selection as practiced reflects the intent of the Sixth Amendment by providing a vetting process that safeguard against jurors serving who might be predisposed to prejudices against the accused person, the victims or the criminal process in general. (Head) It also attempts to aid in the selection of a jurors who have not been or will not be influenced by media re ports so that the accused will only be judged by the facts presented in evidence at his or her trial. The right to confront witnesses is crucial to the element of fairness within the ambit of the Sixth Amendment. It lays the groundwork by which the prosecution is required to meet the burden of proof. At a trial the witnesses are required to provide sworn testimony of the criminal claim with the accused present. The right to confront those witnesses gives way to the practice in which the accused if he decides may either by himself or through his legal council cross-examine those witnesses. The idea is to test the veracity of the evidence and to ensure that the witnesses are credible. By the same measure the accused is entitled to call his own witnesses if he deems necessary. For instance he might be able to present alibi evidence capable of proving that he could not have committed the crime since he was not in the vicinity of the

1. Explain what the terms correlations AND confounding variables mean Essay

1. Explain what the terms correlations AND confounding variables mean (in your own words, and cite the source) - Essay Example The article on Obesity in Latino Children seeks to identify factors that can be associated with overweight and obesity observed in Latino children (Kornides, Kitsantas, Yang & Villarruel, 2011). The study exhibited both correlations and confounding factors. Correlation in research study implies the characteristic relationship between the variables treated in the study. Specifically, correlation between variables implies that a change in one variable is accompanied by a change in another variable as a result of the first change (Kornides, Kitsantas, Yang & Villarruel, 2011). In other words, with one or more variables whose change induces change in another variable or variables, all the variables involved are said to be correlated. The study presented in the article seeks to identify factors that are primarily associated with obesity and overweight scenarios observed in Latino children. The study takes into account what other literatures have said about the issue and critiques the information contained therein. The study also identifies research loopholes in the literatures considered in line with the current trends in the issue around the time the study was conducted in the year 2011. Challenges that characterized the study are highlighted and future research propositions made on the subject matter of the study. Research studies also employ confounding variables to aid the treatment of objectives and hypothesis being examined. Confounding variables are research aiding tools that are crucial in the examination of the topic of study, but are relatively hard to measure or account for in the research undertaking (Kornides, Kitsantas, Yang & Villarruel, 2011). In other words, they are crucial aiding variables in a study in that they complement the dependent and independent research variables. Although confounding variables are not directly examined in the study, they enhance the inferences made by backing up the primary

Ebay Case Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ebay Case Analysis - Assignment Example These include SWOT analysis, STEEP analysis, competitor analysis, and financial comparison. These analysis will enable the management determine whether the company has the prospects of growth and success in its operation and will assist in the formulation of policies required in overcoming the threats and the challenges (Campbell and Craig 73). The tools further reveals the opportunities and the strengths that eBay must continue to pursue to remain a market leader. In as much as eBay recorded growth since inception, recent growth rate has slowed and revenues have declined for the first time. The company growth was achieved because of the strategic alliances and acquisitions that were entered into by the company. Acquisitions and strategic alliances is a faster way of entering new markets and increasing the market share. eBay has started losing market its market share to new innovative competitors and is faced by a host of challenges. Through analyzing the case Donahoe, the company pr esident, aims at determining the following: The greatest opportunities and threats that faces eBay external environment eBay’s greatest weaknesses and strengths whether eBay purpose statement is sufficient in directing the management in making important decisions. Whether shifting of eBay shift from the core competencies is a right strategy for the company’s success. ... STEEP analysis will help in determining the competitiveness of eBay. Factors considered in this analysis are the social, technological, economic, environmental, and political environment. The social factors provide eBay with an opportunity to increase its returns and performance. With an increasing number of people using the internet, eBay is in a position to attract new entrants and increase the number of people buying through the company market place. The youthful population access most of the information online and eBay management can capitalize on this to market their products on face book, twitter, and even Skype. This will reduce marketing costs and further increase the scale of operation. The increasing aging population on the other hand will likely to hamper the performance of eBay because it reduces the company’s primary customers. Economic factors also influence the operations and performance of eBay. First, the economic downturn provides eBay an opportunity to incre ase the number of buyers. With the decline in the disposable income, increased unemployment, and mortgage crisis will make customers look for discounts and therefore prefer eBay as a market place (Campbell and Craig 76). On the other hand, economic downturn also poses a threat on eBay competitiveness as it could result into fewer buyers and force the company to lower the fixed prices by more than 70% to become competitive. This could therefore shrink the revenues and profits of thee business. Furthermore, the fees on charged on infrequent sellers could have a negative impact on the revenues. In addition, the expansion of developing countries would give eBay an

Do you agree that students should be paid for receiving good grades Essay

Do you agree that students should be paid for receiving good grades - Essay Example Parents present the cases of positive influence, which this strategy has on their kids. However, this method is not so harmless and effective. The given paper will prove that paying money for good marks is not the best way to make children study well. Money should not be a stimulus for everything Now many parents are sure that money can serve as a stimulus for children to be more concentrated on study. Thus, they pay for each good grade. It really works: a child has a clear understanding; if he or she completes this or that task well, he or she will be rewarded. Parents think that their kids focus on school, try to do their best to have good marks and it seems that there is nothing bad in the parents’ intentions. However, the question is the following: whether this focus on school and study is a conscious desire to gain knowledge or just a method to earn money and then get some pleasure. The second stimulus is much more probable. Moreover, children may start believing that mon ey is the most important thing in the world and the consequences of such belief can be very negative. The long-term effect will not be received Undoubtedly, kids would be happy with introducing such system of financial incentives. At first children will do their best to earn much money, but the question is whether this desire to study well will be constant during the whole learning process. It is also important to understand how children treat money: as a reward or as a salary for going to school. Parents should determine what results they would like to get by using such methods. A wish to study, not money, should be the primary motivation In the majority of cases money is one of the most desirable things for children of all ages. Children would like to have their personal money, in order to spend it for what they want. It sounds like a step into the adult life. In such a way parents can cultivate the feeling of independence in their children, and try to show the correlation between such processes as doing and getting. â€Å"The money doesn't come easily, but it sure motivates students to work hard in school -- both for the dollars and the prestige† (Ivanova). The child begins to understand, that if a person would like to get something, he or she should take some effort. It sounds good from this point of view, nevertheless parents should be very attentive as this desire to get money risks to develop into obsession or become the only method in force. There are students in each class, who are not doing well at school, who have unsatisfactory behavior and who are always under the teachers’ control. It is obvious that parents can hardly change anything with the help of the money. The problem has much deeper roots. Children who get used to get some expensive things from their parents can hardly be motivated by them. If parents just deprive them of gifts, they will only manipulate their children and will not gain results. Parents should find arguments in order to evoke a wish to study, a wish to get knowledge and to become a full-fledged member of the society. Conclusion To sum it up, it is essential to remind the words from the Bible about the money: what does uneducated person want to have money for, if he does not want to get any wisdom? This statement perfectly explains the parents’ endeavors to encourage their kids. Money should not serve as a primary goal. Parent should try to motivate their children, to explain to them the benefits of being educated, instead of making them study under

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS - Essay Example Though the technology is only a few years old, the amount of response it has received, in that short period is so overwhelming. The essay will provide more information on Bitcoin and its importance to the society. Apart from acceptance by many brick and mortar businesses such as restaurants and a number of online services like Amazon, it also uses Bit Coin technology. The most common way in which a person obtains Bit coins is normally through exchange or competitive mining (Shieber, 8). Mining is usually the process where individuals’ services to the network are rewarded. One thing that makes this technology unique is the fact that its mode of payment is easy. Unlike other purchases that require debit or credit card, for a Bitcoin purchase, one only needs a computer or phone (Shieber, 8). Through e-wallet application, one is able to make his payments because the only requirement is the recipient’s address. Bitcoin has a number of advantages. Unlike other financial institutions such as banks that operate from 8am to 4pm, Bitcoin has no such rules. Bitcoin is active at all times through the year, unless the system encounters an error or there it is undergoing an upgrade. Unlike ot her services such as PayPal that charge transaction fees, Bitcoin transactions are normally free of charge, only a small transaction fee is in situations where users wish to have the transactions done faster (Shieber, 9). Bitcoin also ensures that all transactions are secure and transparent. This is because the system is protected by cryptographically; therefore, there is little chance of tapping or altering information in the system. Whereas Bitcoin has many benefits, there are some limitations associated with it. Bit coin is far from being accepted because either people have not yet heard of it or they are still in doubt about this recent invention. Another disadvantage is that Bit coins can get lost in the network. With the massive number of Bitcoin transactions in a

Do you agree that students should be paid for receiving good grades Essay

Do you agree that students should be paid for receiving good grades - Essay Example Parents present the cases of positive influence, which this strategy has on their kids. However, this method is not so harmless and effective. The given paper will prove that paying money for good marks is not the best way to make children study well. Money should not be a stimulus for everything Now many parents are sure that money can serve as a stimulus for children to be more concentrated on study. Thus, they pay for each good grade. It really works: a child has a clear understanding; if he or she completes this or that task well, he or she will be rewarded. Parents think that their kids focus on school, try to do their best to have good marks and it seems that there is nothing bad in the parents’ intentions. However, the question is the following: whether this focus on school and study is a conscious desire to gain knowledge or just a method to earn money and then get some pleasure. The second stimulus is much more probable. Moreover, children may start believing that mon ey is the most important thing in the world and the consequences of such belief can be very negative. The long-term effect will not be received Undoubtedly, kids would be happy with introducing such system of financial incentives. At first children will do their best to earn much money, but the question is whether this desire to study well will be constant during the whole learning process. It is also important to understand how children treat money: as a reward or as a salary for going to school. Parents should determine what results they would like to get by using such methods. A wish to study, not money, should be the primary motivation In the majority of cases money is one of the most desirable things for children of all ages. Children would like to have their personal money, in order to spend it for what they want. It sounds like a step into the adult life. In such a way parents can cultivate the feeling of independence in their children, and try to show the correlation between such processes as doing and getting. â€Å"The money doesn't come easily, but it sure motivates students to work hard in school -- both for the dollars and the prestige† (Ivanova). The child begins to understand, that if a person would like to get something, he or she should take some effort. It sounds good from this point of view, nevertheless parents should be very attentive as this desire to get money risks to develop into obsession or become the only method in force. There are students in each class, who are not doing well at school, who have unsatisfactory behavior and who are always under the teachers’ control. It is obvious that parents can hardly change anything with the help of the money. The problem has much deeper roots. Children who get used to get some expensive things from their parents can hardly be motivated by them. If parents just deprive them of gifts, they will only manipulate their children and will not gain results. Parents should find arguments in order to evoke a wish to study, a wish to get knowledge and to become a full-fledged member of the society. Conclusion To sum it up, it is essential to remind the words from the Bible about the money: what does uneducated person want to have money for, if he does not want to get any wisdom? This statement perfectly explains the parents’ endeavors to encourage their kids. Money should not serve as a primary goal. Parent should try to motivate their children, to explain to them the benefits of being educated, instead of making them study under

Pacifist Philosophy in Response to the Idea of War Essay Example for Free

Pacifist Philosophy in Response to the Idea of War Essay There are a variety of different philosophical interpretations of the idea of war, even what it means to be at war. Engaging in war is generally described as being the resort to violence in order to attain political ends. War is described by some as being a tyrannical crime, in that power hungry individuals lose sight of their morals and resort to unethical violence committed against others (Walzer, 2006). From this perspective, one notes the assertion that there is never a good reason to engage in such brutal behavior as to harm another individual. However, there are supposed potential weaknesses in this theory, due to the fact that nonviolence at all costs can be viewed as a complete lack of self defense (White, 2008). In any regard, the pacifist philosophy holds that there is never a good reason to engage in combat with other people, that true solutions are found solely through peaceful means. In light of the pacifist ideology, the idea of war has no place, even in the face impending and actual violence, and the best route in the face of danger is to resist participating in the cruelty. It is not always easy to attempt to manage a violent situation in peaceful ways, non-harmful ways, yet there are a myriad of creative ways to address the problem of violent people, ways which do not support aggressive thoughts and actions. In order to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the pacifist position, it is essential to engage in comprehensive research and thought about the meaning of peace at all costs. Pacifism The principle ideas which serve as the conceptual framework of the pacifist movement center on the assertion that war is dictatorial cruelty derived from evil thoughts and actions and that peaceful behaviors are the only way in which to effectively diffuse this brutality. Practical pacifism affirms that resorting to violence is not the answer to the problem of violence in the world, that violence should be absolutely avoided and peaceful means of solution oriented action should be taken (Fiala, 2004). In other words, there is the example of the country who supports the death penalty as a means of supposed just punishment for people accused of the crime of murder. From a pacifist perspective, the idea of using violence as a means to eradicate violence is simply unreasonable and points to an illogical frame of thought and action. The pacifist would be likely to condone a means of arrest and rehabilitation rather than arrest and kill. The idea of peaceful interventions is paramount and supercedes all options deemed to be harmful to people. On a more personal level, one can take the interaction between and husband and wife or mother and child. When a person becomes angry enough to yell or hit, then the answer is not to yell or hit back in response, but rather to be calm and communicate with the other person in figuring out a solution. This kind of civilized action and communication can go a long way in ensuring that the violence does not continue, and this kind of civilized communication and action is able to be successfully translated to the public and political sphere as well. Strengths There are many strengths of the pacifist movement, in that the people who support peace at all costs are able to devise a great many solutions to violence which are centered on ensuring the absolute safety and wellbeing of all people. It is important to consider the ideas generated by pacifists, as they directly speak to the absolute moral concept of non-harm. Jesus Christ himself is quoted as saying, â€Å"You have heard that it was said, ‘An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth,’ but I say to you, ‘Do not resist one who is evil; but if anyone strikes you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also’†, described as one of the most revolutionary sermons he ever gave (Ellens, 2007). This powerful commentary demands that people utilize the supremacy of restraint when faced with violence, even at a time, like today, when major religions condone the use of brutality. There is not one major religion in the world which absolutely forbids the use of violence, to the detriment of all people in the world. There is not one country which expressly forbids the act of war and supports the command for love, the command to offer one’s cheek to one’s aggressor. With all of the available options for peace, including communication, protest, boycotting, arrest, and rehabilitation, there is a known and certain positive effect which can be produced through the use of more gentle modes of action than violence. The media today is full of popular artists who tout violence as a masculine or commanding way of settling a score. However, when a person resorts to violence in an attempt to eradicate violence, the end result is simply another person who is drawn into the problem itself. The only way to end the violence in the world is by commitment to faith in the inherent goodness of humanity, to staunchly support the idea that solutions can be found which do not cause harm to other people. Criminality is basically defined as causing harm, and it makes no sense to become a criminal in the desire to ensure justice. Weaknesses There are those people who claim that there are weaknesses in the pacifist philosophy, that absolute peace defies the need to defend oneself from harm. People who do not support absolute pacifism claim that one of the only ways to address the problem of rogue states is to resort to war (Jacobson, 2007). Engaging in the violence of war is supposedly justified as an unfortunate effect of having no other option but to defend oneself and one’s country from the violent actions of others. To some people, pacifism may seem to be weak. In response to an event such as the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, many people believed that the best solution was to violently enter into the home countries of the terrorists and to take over through the use of brutal force. To some people, there are terrorists, offenders, on one side of the war, and defenders on the other. From this perspective, there are two teams in the war game, certain people who are committing evil and need to be stopped at all costs, even through harm and loss of life, and people who are engaged in righteous self defense. This philosophical viewpoint stems from a bipolar system, where some people are engaging in violence for bad reasons and some people for good reasons. This simple yet convoluted way of thinking is highly selfish and negative, in that one person, or one team, is the victim, the oppressed, the suffering agent, the other person or team is the tyrant, the oppressor, the harmful agent. In this mode of judgment, there is only one guilty party, and the guilty are deserving of cruel punishment. However, the essential problem is always the same, in that there is supposedly never a good reason to cause harm to another person. Although the determination for war may be convenient, especially when people are actively engaged in the violent activity, there is still the basic problem of violence as a moral problem rather than a solution. Dividing couples, families, societies, countries, and political systems into warring teams of bad versus good does little to solve the core issues of the criminality of causing harm to others. Rebuttal Although some people believe that the pacifist ideology is weak and perhaps even a pathetic mode of political action, a powerful case can be made in support of peaceful decision making, decisions which are strong and influential while also being relatively calm and diplomatic. There is no government which has successfully demilitarized their country, no political system which has shifted to a purely diplomatic strategy for achieving peaceful end results (Djerejian, 2007). Due to the fact that all countries in the world are suffering from some form of violence, the case can certainly be made that policies which promote violence simply encourage the violent behaviors of citizens. What a different world this would be if the response to an attack was to demilitarize a region, to offer one’s cheek. What an interesting phenomena it would be to witness a region where guns were systematically removed from all persons, homes, and cars, even if it meant being shot in the process. Although an initial, primal, or habitual response to an attack is to harm one’s attacker, there is the ever present possibility of changing one’s response, to commit to the idea of peaceably reacting in the face of impending danger. When a child is hitting a parent, often the best reaction is to let a child hit until the child realizes that the parent is not going to hit back, to allow the child to realize that the parent is totally loving and totally dependable. Conclusion The political solution for all policy making is always going to be a peaceful solution, whether politicians realize it or not. The leaders of the world are going to be the ones who quietly offer their cheek, who are committed to helping their neighbors, even when these neighbors are seeking revenge. It takes a smart person to realize that one is participating in an immorally violent society, and it takes an even smarter person to realize that one is responsible for being an agent of change in support of pacifism. There are very few truly innocent people out there, if any, no countries which are politically perfect. From this perspective, people need to humble themselves in the face of their neighbors, to be aware of the shameful past and current atrocities being committed by governments across the globe, and to resolutely stand for the implementation of peaceful solutions. Policies can only be effectively changed by people who are committed activists in the name of peace, and these activists are the leaders of the world, pacifists in the name of the goodness of humanity. References Djerejian, E. (2007). Changing Minds, Winning Peace: A New Strategic Direction for U. S. Public Diplomacy in the Arab Muslim World. Lulu. com. Ellens, H. (2007). The destructive power of religion: violence in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Greenwood Publishing Group. Fiala, A. (2004). Practical pacifism. Algora Publishing. Jacobson, A. (2007). Nonviolence as a Way of Knowing in the Public School Classroom. In Factis Pax 1(1), 38-54. Walzer, M. (2006). Just and unjust wars: a moral argument with historical illustrations. Basic Books. White, J. (2008). Contemporary Moral Problems. Cengage Learning.

Analysis Of Literary Studies

Analysis Of Literary Studies Amputation in poem is actually a metaphor of the doom on Dacca gauzes. Furthermore it also represents the similar fate of all rare art works. The author in the dark represents the young in modern society and his grandmother in the open is representative of people in old days Amputation is to weavers what the agony of missing the old things is to grandmother, which is like the air saturated with sorrow and pain. The old, with the high tempo of modern life, are not ready for getting used to the ever-changing society. Not only art works are turning to new forms and having a variety of styles in which modern elements can be found, but things except art are also changing totally. So the elderly prefer living in their memories grief yet full of graceful and sadness added with sweet. In the poem grandmothers saying No one knows what it was to wear or touch that cloth just tell readers how lonely she was. No one could understand why she treasured those transparent Dacca gauzes in the bottom of her heart so much. And the young seldom accurately estimated the value of those invaluable art works. So grandmother had to put down her words such as heirloom sari and genuine. Years later when heirloom sari tore, nieces and daughters-in-law inherited all those beautiful handkerchiefs made from the torn Dacca gauzes. How excited these successors should have been at the time they received heirlooms. Never. Those handkerchiefs too now lost. As for the young, amputation is a metaphor of a fair way for them to success the treasure from their ancestors and also it is a lively symbol of their attitude towards these old precious treasures. Especially when we refer to various forms of art which are loved by people in different age groups, we can easily find that there is a totally difference among their preference. The young, looking for pleasure, indulge themselves in the moment of blink while the old, searching for old feelings, enjoy the perpetuity of delicacy and beauty. So the old learned to face the increasingly changing reality towards everything despite their difficulty in getting used to it while the young pursuit new things which belong to the modern world even though they get ready to hear what their grandparents say about the past. Finally a picturesque setting of the due-starched morning once again is providing to us. Grandmother has been pulling the muslins through her wing. Literary studies à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¡ The story of Williamsons mysterious disappearance made by Ambrose Bierce known for his satirical lexicon tells the issues of American society in pre-Civil War. That is peoples inward fear under the disoriented society with the unbalance between rigorous yet imperfect law system and seemingly harmonious yet cold social order. People, on their own stand, reacted in various ways when they are witnessing the disappearance of William. And the court must to make sure that whether Mr. William was gone before his estate was distributed according to law. The characters all forgot to tell something and the mystery of disappearance remained, from which the metaphor is the disappearing memory of the slavery in the endless American history. In a nut shell, the truism about the relation between law and social order is that there is a functional gap between them despite they never isolated from each other. As a tool used to serve regime, the ruling class rely on it to keep the social order well within a certain scope. However law only compensates for the darkness of a society as it is drafted by men who were hampered by the culture of their time. Linguistics à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚   What metonymy is that figure of speech in which a word or expression normally or strictly used of one thing is used of something physically or otherwise associated with it. And from the book Metaphors We Live By written by Lakoff and Johnson in 1980 we can learn that metonymy is a cognitive process which involves conceptual mapping and reference point phenomena. The expansion meaning of the word log is to meet the cognitive need when people develop vocabulary system. At first the word log was used as a noun to describe a bulky mass of wood. When we use a semantic triangle [1] to explain this, it is easy for us to understand the changes of the meaning and usage of this word. Concept Symbol Things [1] Semantic triangle From the original concept of log we firstly refer to the symbol of something natural or raw. As a result, things such as an unhewn portion of a felled tree and firewood were related with that symbol. In 1574 an apparatus used as an indicator of the rate of ships motion was called log because the apparatus was of a thin quadrant of wood which had some similar qualities of firewood. To expand the meaning from indicator to measurement unit, the concept of a vessel occurred in the year 1883. Then the word log-board occurred as it was also related to a ships log. Continually the meaning expanded to journal as it was the content of log-board. At last log represented any progress or performance of something in the order considered logically right as log had ever had the meaning of an apparatus for ascertaining the rate of a ships motion. Except all talked above, there is another kind of change which commonly occur in metonymy. That is change in part of speech which is considered as grammatical metonymy. We can see that the word log can use as a verb when people want to express the meaning such as opening or terminating a time-shared system such as database or email on computer. Translation 1. A) The topic of this essay is as follows: Education in America has its unique purpose for serving the American social system not for others, so it is totally successful within the U.S. community. It is never too late to reach a conclusion and take action before we are clear about the accurate definition of the success of education. So please give a second thought when this topic about the success of American education runs into your eyes, neither becoming so elated with cheers and applauses nor coming into immediate searing criticism with anger and frown on your face. The author argued in this article that on one hand philosophers, scientists and engineers are produced in the U.S. education system. On the other hand it also turns the other large group of people into the superficial, the ones pursing dazzling things in the torrent of fashion, the eye-blinded who are vulnerable to manipulation and the idiots at the annual peak of shopping mania, which are all required in the money-oriented capitalism economies. B) Social-cultural sensitivity and cross-cultural awareness are required for translator especially when they do some translation of advertisement. What information a company wants to tell consumers in foreign markets can easily be distorted by mistranslation. So I will translate that slogan as follow: B. TT1 is a direct translation of the Source Text. However TT2 is not because it is translated with more considering about the culture of target reader. As a saying in china, the sentence in TT2 is easier for Chinese to understand and smoke in the ST must be translated into wind and fire should also be translated into white water as this is a kind of faithfulness in Chinese culture. When we do translation, we should develop our awareness of the dialectic relationship between Chinese and English C Translation is a loyal recurrence of the beauty of the origins when we translate the art works and we should pay more attention to the effectiveness of the translated words and sentences especially when we do translation of the writings except for literary work. An ideal translator should be a person who is both loyal to the original and is palatable to its target audience. However this is difficult sometimes especially when we translate works written in the years far from now or when we meet the cultural difference among different language systems. So keeping the balance between faithfulness in the text sources and service for target readers are the core issues concerning translation studies.

Criminal and Delinquent Subcultures Essay -- Crime Juvenile Delinquenc

Criminal and Delinquent Subcultures Crime and delinquency subculture reflects on culture patterns surrounding crime and juvenile delinquency. It is created not only by individuals, but as one culture, the American culture. Subculture is derivative of, but different from some larger referential cultures. This term is used to share systems of norms, values, individual, groups and the cultural system itself. Criminal or delinquent subcultures indicate systems of norms, values, or interest that support criminal or delinquent behavior. That’s why many juveniles are linked to the same criminal acts as youngsters. They tend to follow a pattern that is expected in their age group, like stealing. Young people experience their opportunity as being blocked out. They engage in collective actions and adapt pro crime values that reinforce their delinquency. In a book by Cloward and Lloyd they state that â€Å"The youngster who is motivated by a sense of injustice generally commits his first act of deviance in a crime of uncertainty and fear of disapproval†. This statement sounds like appreciation among delinquents is required to sustain satisfaction in their subcultures (p 161). In criminal subculture the young drug dealers selling drugs was a way to be somebody, to get a head in life and to acquire things like jewelry, clothing, and cars, the symbols of wealth, power and respect. All the things delinquents want at a young age. Crime becomes meaningful to young men and women when they interact with one another and when they participate in youth culture (Sullivan, 1989). Youth violence is considered to be a serious contemporary problem, yet many delinquents are treated as an adult if the crime is function as an adult act. I find this interesting because may delinquents share the same formality of values and norms that make up there culture. Every young male or female will have experienced some kind of influential crime. What one has done so will the other, that’s how I put it. While delinquent subculture typically are associated with a broad range of illegal behaviors, among delinquent groups and subculture there is great difference in the nature and strength of group norms, values, and interests. Much of theses behaviors of highly delinquent crimes are results from the act of group processes rather than group norms. Like gangs for instants, they give fairly littl... ...ncy and Opportunity: A Theory of Delinquent Gangs. New York: Free Press, 1960. p 161 Chin, Ko-lin. Chinatown Gangs: Extortion, Enterprise, and ethnicity. New York: Oxford University Press. 1990 Cohen, Albert K. Delinquent Boys: The Culture of the Gang. New York: Free Press, 1955 Cressy, Donald R, and Ward A. David. â€Å"Delinquent and Criminal Subcultures.† In S. E. Kadish, ed., Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice. New York: Free Press, 1983. Durkeim, Emile. â€Å"Suicide: A Study in Sociology†, 1897 p 45. Hawkins, Darnell F., Race, ethnicity, and serious juvenile Offenders. Thousand Oaks, Calif, Sage, 1998. Schwendinger, Herman, and Julia Siegel Schwendinger. Adolescent Subcultures and Delinquency. New York: Prager. 1985 Shaw and McKay, â€Å"Social Disorganization†, in Radzinowicz and Wolfgang â€Å"Crime and Justice Vol.l, p. 415. Short, James F. Jr. The Level of Explanation Problem Revisited- The American Society of Criminology, 1998 p. 36 Sullivan, Mercer L. â€Å"Getting Paid† Youth Crime and Work in Inner City. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press 1989. Williams, Terry. The Cocaine Kids: The Inside Story of a Teenage Drug Ring. Menlo Park, Calif, Addison- Wesley 1989.

The Stages of the Haulocost Essay -- Hitler, Genocide, Jewish, human ri

Just before the second Great War, 6 million Jews were killed along with 5 million non-Jews (Miss Belevski, 2008, The Holocaust, slide #2). This atrocity and genocide of Jewish population was widely known as The Holocaust. The man who led genocide was Adolph Hitler, the leader of the Nazis, a fascist party that took control during the German Depression in the 1920s. When Hitler came in power, one of his promises was to end the â€Å"Question of the Jews†. A series of steps of the Holocaust was the â€Å"Stages of Isolation† (Miss Belevski, 2008, Stages of Isolation: Holocaust, p.1). This plan which was created by Hitler made millions die in vain. ‘In 1935, the law of Nuremberg Race was decreed’ (Miss Belevski, 2008, Stages of Isolation: Holocaust, p.2); this was the first step of the â€Å"Stages of Isolation†. With this new policy, Jewish people were stripped out of their rights; they were pulled out of schools, fired from work, and no longer held th e title â€Å"persons† or a citizen of Germany. Step two was segregation. Jews were transported to â€Å"ghettos† and many died of starvation or disease. Step 3 and 4 were concentration camps and extermination, where the mass killings began. Jews were forced into concentration camps where they would work till they die. In order to take away their identity and treat them as animals, they were not allowed to have hair or wear clothes. Many inhumane practices and terrifying stories happened in these deadly camps, such as laboratory experiments, human flesh purses, and the lady who swallowed her diamonds because that was all she had. Extermination killed millions of Jews, people who did not die from the concentration camps would be gassed in gas chambers, and mobile killing units were established to eliminate J... ...soners’ (Miss Belevski, 2008, The Holocaust, slide â€Å"Cold heart Facts†). We learnt an important lesson from the Holocaust and now we must stand up and protest for what is justice and what we believe in. To ensure peace and humanity in our world we must take action and be part of the solution. Problems in our world today, such as global warming, poverty cycle in Africa and the war in Iraq all relate to us and we must use our powers and strengths to help in anyway we can. We must not think like the countries during the 30s, these problems are not far away and they do concern us indirectly and directly. We must not blame God for what have happened. God was simply testing our abilities to protect and stand up for what is justice and humanity. We must learn from our lesson and stay united to ensure mistakes such as the Holocaust and other genocides will never occur again.