January in Paris

January in Paris Bonjour de la France! Photo credit: Rebecca Grekin. I’ve spent the last two weeks in Paris with an MIT program called JSFâ€"January Scholars in France. The students of JSF 2018 and our chaperone, Prof. Perreau (on the right). Photo credit to Sophie de Loubens, one of our JSF guides. JSF is an IAP program sponsored by the French department for students who are committed to learning French at MIT. You spend two weeks in Paris exploring the history and culture of the city and speaking exclusively en français. (Forgive me, Professor Perreau, for writing this post in English!) JSF is a really unique program. Unlike IAP Madrid, which I did last year, it’s not a class (no homeworkâ€"yay!!!). Instead of going to class, we had a packed schedule of walking tours of different neighborhoods, musical and theatrical productions, and delicious meals. Literally, we spent two weeks doing nothing but soaking in the atmosphere of Paris. And the program is funded by MITâ€"airfare, lodging, metro transportation within Paris, and most meals. I’m really not exaggerating when I say that JSF was a once-in-a-lifetime experience. We were exposed to a side of Paris that tourists don’t usually see. Our tour guides were native Parisians who were very acquainted with the historical background and day-to-day workings of the city, so we got to learn about things like the design process behind the trash cans and the type of barricades built by revolting Parisians from the 17th straight through to the 20th century. We saw parts of the city, like the business sector and a neighborhood “populaire” housing many African immigrants, that are not frequented by tourists. We saw performances from some of the most celebrated troupes in Paris, or even the world, staged in the most avant-garde architecture in the city. And maybe most importantly, we got to interact with Parisians not as tourists, but as students who were genuinely interested in learning the culture and mastering the language. One of our guides, Vincent, talking about the mobilier urbain (urban furniture for lack of a better term)the streetposts, bus stops, benches, and other surroundings that govern your interaction with the city space. Photo credit: Bruno Perreau. The program was so great because there were so many knowledgeable people who gave their time to make it possible. Our guides Vincent, Emily, and Sophie showed us sides of the city, artistic, historical, and quotidian, that we would never have imagined just walking through the streets. And our chaperone, Professor Bruno Perreau (as well as the other faculty and staff of MIT’s French department) worked really hard to organize and plan the trip and make it an incredibly rich experience. To give you a sense of what it was like, Im going to share some standout moments from the trip! A private tour of the Paris Opera. The first day of JSF, we had on our schedule a tour of the Opéra Garnier. It’s safe to say that none of us really knew what we were in for. We were met at the entrance by Germain Louvet, a “star dancer” of the Opéra de Paris. “Star dancer”â€"danseur/danseuse étoile in Frenchâ€" is an official rank that designates the most accomplished and prominent performers in the Opéra. Only the most graceful and disciplined dancers are honored with the rank of a star, a role which means not only international recognition but also a guaranteed role with the Opéra until past the age of 40. We learned from Germain that he was elevated to the role of danseur étoile at the age of 23 as recognition for his standout performance as Prince Siegfried in Le lac des cygnes (Swan Lake). He has been training as a dancer since he was 4 years old. Germain Louvet, danseur  Ã©toile. We were lead through the breathtaking foyer of the Opéra Garnier, up a series of rosy marble staircases surrounded by gilded statues and rich paintings, into a collection of exquisite chambers. The public spaces in the Opéra were specifically designed to create a sensation of fantasy. The internal temperature is kept toasty to encourage visitors to shed their practical outer layers and indulge in admiration of the audience’s fashion. From the moment you enter the building, you are transported into the whimsical world of the opera, and separated from the drudgery and utility of the outside. The ceiling above the main staircase into the opera. Photo credit: Kaymie Shiozawa. Photo credit: Kaymie Shiozawa. We then entered the main chamber, where the performances take place. Photo credit: Kaymie Shiozawa. The ceiling dates to the 1960s. It was very controversial when it was installed. This phenomenon of seeing a very modern piece of artwork juxtaposed against the traditional scenery of Paris is fairly common. Germain took us onto the stage where the dancers perform! The stage is slanted to give the audience a better perspective, but this creates complications for the dancers, since their movements have to change depending on where they are facing. Photo credit: Bruno Perreau. Then, we got to go behind the scenes and see parts of the opera that are never open to visitors. A private practice room. Ringing the ceiling is a balcony where in centuries past, male patrons of the opera could stand and watch the female dancers practice, with a view that afforded an especially good perspective of their legs, with an eye for deciding which of the dancers they would like to sleep with later. There is a disturbing history of prostitution behind the opera. Photo credit: Bruno Perreau. In the basement there is a bomb shelter dating back to WWII. There is also an underground river flowing underneath, complete with blind albino fish! Photo credit: Rebecca Grekin. The practice room under the dome that caps the Opéra Garnier. Kind of reminds me of Barker library! Photo credit: Kaymie Shiozawa. Afterward, we went out for drinks with Germain. I can’t believe I got to chat casually with a Paris opera star. Im in the same picture as Germain!!! Photo credit: Bruno Perreau. The crowning of a new star I’ve oversimplified a little bit. There are actually two opera buildings in Paris: the Opéra Garnier, the ornate 19th century building we toured with Germain, and the Opéra Bastille. The Opéra Bastille, so named because it is located in the square where the Bastille prison used to stand, is an enormous building finished in 1989. Though it chooses to downplay the importance of scenery setting the mood for the opera, it at least provides an effective, well-oiled venue for staging and performing breathtaking operas. The outside of the Opéra Bastille. Photo credit: Kaymie Shiozawa. The inside of the main performance room of the opera. The vertiginous stacking of the seats in the Opera Bastille means that the stage can be flat while still providing a good view to the audience. Thus, for the dancers, the Bastille is an easier venue to perform in. The students of JSF went to go see Don Quichotte at the Opéra Bastille. Photo credit: Kaymie Shiozawa. At the end, while the performers were taking their bows and receiving their applause, an unexpected figure appeared on the stage. The Directrice de la Danse of the opera stepped out looking somewhat disheveled. After making a joke about her casual appearance, she announced that the performance of the lead danseuse, Valentine Colasante, in the role of Kitri had been so incredible that night that she was now being nominated as a danseuse étoile. The moment was magical. The audience erupted. The danceuse received a standing ovation for the next five minutes. She was almost crying. More than one JSF participant was tearing up. It was a moment of incredible joy to watch a beautiful performer be recognized for something she had been working for her entire life. Star dancers are nominated about once every two to three years, and we just happened to be there to see it. The opéra was really smiling on JSF that night. A hidden lair When I think of Paris, I think of boulevards lined with five-storey gray limestone houses with black wrought-iron balconies and hints of gold decoration. That’s because a surprising fraction of Paris is filled with gray limestone houses with wrought-iron decoration! But there’s another neighborhood of Paris with a very different feelâ€"the neighborhood of la Défense. La Grande Arche of la Défense, a modern mirror of the Arc de Triomphe. Photo credit: Kaymie Shiozawa. La Défense is the business area of Paris. Built specifically for that purpose in the second half of the 20th century, it is filled with quirky skyscrapers and imaginative displays of modern art and architecture. We were accompanied on our tour of La Défense by an architect who works in the area. With his supervision, we were allowed into part of the neighborhood that is usually hiddenâ€"the underground basement. There, we discovered Le Monstreâ€"the Monsterâ€"an enormous work by the artist Raymond Moretti. Photo credit: Rebecca Grekin. The roar of the underground metro lines that pass nearby give the monster his voice.  Photo credit: Rebecca Grekin. When his old studio was destroyed, the artist set up shop in the underground basement of la Défense. When he died, it was sealed up, leaving a hidden monster lurking under the bustling metropolitan square. Les blagues There were also some days that were less adventurous. One morning, we tried to get into the library of the Sorbonne, but were shut out because it was full of students studying for final exams. Instead, we headed over to a café and enjoyed lunch with some of our guides. With l’addition came some little candies. On the inside of the wrappers were written some jokes (blagues). Photo credit: Bruno Perreau. We quickly went to work deciphering the jokes. Anyone who has learned a foreign language knows that humor is one of the hardest things to understand, because it usually relies on subtle puns or cultural context. We learned a lot of new vocabulary that day! Here’s our favorite joke: Comment est-ce que un zéro se fait draguer par un huit? Il met une ceinture ! How does a zero get hit on by an eight? He puts on a belt! Sitting in the café, chatting with each other and our guides, practicing French, and laughing at les blagues is one of my fondest memories of Paris. If you want to see more pictures I might have lied a little when I said that there was no homework for JSF. In order to commemorate the trip, for the use of future participants and planners as well as for our own scrapbooks, we made our own JSF 2018 blog detailing our adventures. Check it out! There we have a day-by-day breakdown of all our activities. It’s in French, but there are a lot of pictures. :D Also, each of the participants is writing their own entry about a part of the city or the experience that they found interesting and wanted to dive deeper into. I wrote mine about the relationship between modern and traditional architecture in Paris. For the next two weeks, I’m taking advantage of being in Europe to do some traveling with my mom. Until next time, à bientôt! Photo credit: Rebecca Grekin. Photo credit: Rebecca Grekin. Photo credit: Sophie de Loubens. Post Tagged #photography

Milroy v Lord (1861) - Free Essay Example

..There is not equity in this court to perfect an imperfect gift- Turner LJ in Milroy v Lord (1861)- How accurate is this statement in current English law? In order to assess the accuracy of Turner LJs statement, it is first necessary to consider the context of it, and discuss briefly what it refers to. It refers to trusts, which become fully set up or constituted when the trust property is in the hands of a person who is properly bound to be the trustee. Within this context, certain equitable principles come into play; specifically regarding gifts. There are several situations where equity has developed its role, away from Turner LJs statement, so that in effect it will perfect an imperfect gift. A gift is any transaction which benefits an individual who has not paid, ie given any consideration for it; such an individual is called a volunteer.[1] In the same case which the above quotation is taken from, Milroy v Lord, Turner LJ also identified three modes of making a gift. These were an outright transfer of the legal title to a property, a transfer of the legal title of a property to a trustee to hold on trust, and a self-declaration of trust (in which case the constitution of the trust is automatic). At this point, an important maxim of equity has an effect. The maxim is equity will not assist a volunteer, and its manifestation here is that equity will not perfect an imperfect gift. Therefore, in order for a gift to be perfected, or rather for the trust to be fully constituted, one of the three modes must be referred to. Equity will not, in itself, treat the intentions of a donor to make an outright gift as a self-declaration of trust, where the property fails to pass from the donor to the donee. Two cases which came in the wake of the highly significant Milroy v Lord, and which seemed to confirm Turner LJs sentiments were Jones v Lock and Richards v Delbridge. In these cases, the crucial factor was the intention of the donor. Nor will equity (historically) perfect an ineffective transfer of the legal title to property to an intended trustee to constitute a trust by treating the intending settlor as having made a valid self-declaration of trust. In other words, if the property fails to get into the hands of the intended trustee, there is no trust. In this context, however, there has been a recent move away from Turner LJs maxim that equity will not perfect an imperfect gift. in the 2001 case of T Choithram SA v Pagrani, the words of a businessman were generously construed to give most of his wea lth on trust. his words of a mere gift were interpreted as words of declaration of trust. A second seminal case in the development of the doctrine came in Re Rose in 1952, when the rule laid down in Milroy v Lord was relaxed to the extent that equity would now treat as effective an intended transfer where the donor has done everything he is obliged to do to make the gift valid. this is a subtle distinction, but it does, nevertheless, relax the principle. This rule (in Re Rose) was applied to transfers of land in the much more recent case of Mascall v Mascall. A recent Court of Appeal decision expanded the ambit of this rule further in the case of Pennington v Waine. In this case, unlike in Re Rose, the transeror had not done everything in their power to secure the validity of the transfer. The reasoning in this case was that the transferor (of shares in this case) had done all that was needed for the rule to apply by executing the transfer form with the intention that the tran sfer is to have immediate effect, and crucially, in circumstances where it would be unconscionable for the trasferor to renege on the transaction. The danger with this, is of course, that therre is no clear distinction as to when it would be unconscionable not to perfect a gift. Another seminal case in this context was Strong v Bird. In this case, a comon law principle that the appointment of a debtor as executor a deceaseds estate cancelled that debt to the estate was held to prevail. The important condition, however, was that the testator had manifested an intention that this debt be released, and this intention continued up until death. This is, as Penner points out, something like the perfecting of an imperfect gift.[2] The rule was further extended to cover imperfect gifts (as well as imperfectly released debts) in Re Stewart. The same condition applied, that the testator must have manifested an intention and this continued until death. At this point, it seems that equity ce rtainly is helping a volunteer, rendering Turner LJs comment outdated. Deathbed gifts are properly called donationes mortis causa, and are gifts which are made inter vivos, but are conditonal upon death (ie they only take effect on death). That is to say that the gift become complete and absolute upon death, as the condition is perfected. Transfer of possession is also needed, which poses no problem for the likes of tangible personal property. Equity intervenes, however, in the case of things which require more to transfer title, like bank balances or shares. The essential requirements for a valid donatio mortis causa were laid down in Cain v Moon. The final situation where equity will effectively perfect an imperfect gift is in certain cases of proprietary estoppel. The court will seek to give effect to the plaintiffs minimum equity. Such a situation occurred in the case of Pascoe v Turner when a man said to a woman (with whom he was cohabiting) that the house was hers and ev erything in it. The woman subsequently spent a good deal of her savings on the house, way of improvements and so on. When they separated, the man tried to turn the woman out. The court held that in this case, the minimum equity was that the man ought to transfer the fee simple to the woman. Although this was a case of proprietary estoppel, it was an example of equity acting in a way unenvisaged by Turner LJ in 1861. Since the case of Milroy v Lord, then, there have been several significant developments which have rendered Turner LJs words somewhat outdated. The drift towards equity assisting a volunteer and perfecting an imperfect gift has been criticised at various stages throughout the development, most notably by Walton J in Re Gonin. The current state of the English law with regard to equity assisting volunteers and perfecting imperfect gifts appears to be in a state of flux, but the stringent rule set out by Turner LJ has certainly been relaxed considerably in a number of ar eas. BIBLIOGRAPHY Cases Cain v Moon [1896] 2 QB 283 Jones v Lock (1865) 1 Ch App 25 Mascall v Mascall (1984) 50 P CR 119 Milroy v Lord [1861] 4 De GF J 264 Pascoe v Turner [1979] 2 All ER 945 Pennington v Waine [2002] EWCA Civ 227 Re Gonin, Gonin v Garmeson [1977] 2 All ER 720 Re Rose [1952] Ch 499 Re Stewart [1908] 2 Ch 251 Richards v Delbridge (1874) LR 18 Eq 11 Strong v Bird (1874) LR 18 Eq 315 T Choithram SA v Pagarani [2001] 2 All ER 492 Secondary sources Penner, J.E., The Law of Trusts (LexisNexis, 2004) Footnotes [1]Penner, J.E., The Law of Trusts (LexisNexis, 2004), p221 [2]Penner, p227

Sample Abstract Thesis

The abstract thesis is an essential part of any research. Represented at the beginning of the paper, the abstract is a kind of the initial separate description of the whole investigation viewed by a reader. Thus, the abstract should be treated as a perspective to install precise expectations. As the abstract summarizes the entire thesis, it should represent all the general components of the research in a pressed form. The following sample abstract thesis is related to the research on Ancient History â€Å"The Development of the Social-Cultural Institutions in Athenian Polis according to the Comedies by Aristophanes†. The paper reviews the evolution of the Athenian city-state from the beginning of the fifth to the end of the fourth centuries B.C. All the social, political, and cultural transformations are analyzed from the point of their influence on the citizenship mentality. In the first section of the text, the process of the incipience of the democratic social order in Athens is investigated. The author pays premium attention to the issue of the contribution of the cultural institutes to this phenomenon. Namely, the pride place goes to the appearance of a public theater. Additionally, social-cultural alterations are analyzed in a way as they are represented in the comedies by Aristophanes. The analysis of the key problems of peace and war, liberty and politics, upbringing and morality make the basis of this part of the research. The final chapter observes the crisis situation within the polis institutions and their origin. Together, these outcomes permit to draw a deduction that the developmen t of the Athenian polis primarily depended on the political and economic factors that caused deep alterations in the citizenship morality of the Classical Greek community.

Creon A Conflict Of Personal Character - 2413 Words

John Lennon said, â€Å"Part of me suspects that I’m a loser, and the other part of me thinks I’m God Almighty.† Hubris, or excessive pride, was one of the biggest themes in Ancient Greek culture. It has what killed heroes, and destroyed villains in mythology and even real life. In the play Antigone, written by Sophocles, I share the battle that Creon has regarding a conflict of personal character, which leads to the deaths of others caused by his tremendously large ego. Creon is a man of principles, who is devoted to the state as well as upholding the law in a dominant and control freak type of manner. Creon uses his first speech as a way to explain his ideas, expectations of the people, and his first law regarding the body of Polynices. Knowing the people of Thebes will disregard his word, he explains to the populace that, â€Å"Whoever places a friend above the good of his own country, he is nothing†(67). He brings up the threat of death due to the uncertainty of future rebellion and clearly states, â€Å"Our country is our safety†(68). This type of indoctrination starts from the head and trickles its way down to the people regardless of whether they want it or not. Bribery is another one of his major concerns. Knowing that corruption leads to dysfunction, rebellion, and torment, Creon poetically makes another law regarding, â€Å"Money! Nothing worse in our lives, so current, rampant, so corrupting†¦ No limit, you make them ad ept at every kind of outrage, every godless crime-money!...Show MoreRelatedBiography of Sophocles Essay1496 Words   |  6 Pagesnumerous, and two of his innovations were especially important. He increased the number of actors from two to three, thus lessening the influence of the chorus and making possible greater complication of the plot and the more effective portrayal of character by contrast and juxtaposition; and he changed the Aeschylean fashion of composing plays in groups of three, each of them part of a central myth or theme, and made each play an independent psychological and dramatic unity (Babette 2). In his lifetimeRead MoreEssay on Analyzing Antigone and Creon1313 Words   |  6 PagesAntigone, embellishes the opposing conflicts between Antigone who stands for the values of family, and Creon who stands for the values of state. Sophocles explores the depths of Antigone’s morality and the duty based on consequence throughout the play, as well as the practical consequences of Creon who is passionate and close-minded. Although Antigone’s moral decisions appear to be more logical and favorable than Creon’s, a personal argument would be that both characters’ decisions in society can beRead MoreEssay on Antigone1426 Words   |  6 Pagesthe perspectives of Ismene, Antigone, and Creon enables the audience to understand how Sophocles macroscopic analogy to humanitys prejudiced judgments as well (and ambiguity of justice) To begin with, an in depth analysis and understanding of Creons intents and actions must be established in order to evaluate the reactions of Antigone and Ismene. The central conflict of Antigone derives from Polyneices betrayal to the city of Thebes. As the ruler, Creon naturally feels compelled to exert hisRead MoreCreon from Antigone Essay612 Words   |  3 PagesCreon from Antigone A tragedy, as defined by Ms. Tozar, is â€Å"the story of a falling from a high place to a lower place by a character.† In other words, a tragedy is a story of an individual who starts in a high position and descends throughout the story to end in a position that is lower than original position. The individual who makes the descent is known as the tragic hero. The tragic hero, as defined by Ms. Tozar, is â€Å"the character who falls from grace as a result of fate and/or a weaknessRead MoreThe Production Of Antigone By Peta Tait Essay1708 Words   |  7 Pagesin multiple instances even though the production has an incorrect central conflict. Company B’s production is correct when Tait explains how it portrays why Creon did not bury Polyneices’ body and just left it out to the animals instead (71). The production is also correct when implying why Creon treats Antigone and Ismene badly as if they have the dignity of animals (73). By looking at Sophocles’ A ntigone, it portrays Creon of having the same understanding of Polyneices, Antigone, and Ismene tooRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Part That the City or State (Polis) Plays in Antigone and Oedipus the King.1539 Words   |  7 Pagesboth plays taking place in public in front of a chorus of Theban citizens. Personal conflict/crises take place in public, and when personal events take place off stage, they are relied to the chorus (and the audience) through messengers. The city also helps to move the plot of the plays along, as well providing dramatic tension. In addition the city helps to give us greater understanding of the characters of Oedipus and Creon, as the rulers of Thebes in Oedipus the King and Antigone respectively.Read MoreTheme Of Conflict In Antigone973 Words   |  4 PagesElizabeth Heeb Doctor Pratt Intellectual Heritage I (IH 851) 28 September 2017 Moral Conflict and Internal Change in Antigone Beliefs are not always based on facts that you would find in a textbook-they are something that one believes is true. When I first read Sophocles’ play Antigone, my initial impression of Creon was that his beliefs of the law and the state were rational because of his role as a ruler. But as the play progressed, I began to disagree with his behavior and his values becauseRead MoreAntigone Character Analysis916 Words   |  4 Pagesmy initial impression of Creon was that his beliefs of the law and the state were rational because of his role as a ruler. But as the play progressed, I began to disagree with his behavior and his values because he only focused on his own moral beliefs rather than considering the beliefs of other people, which could have resolved conflict. Throughout the play, the theme of authority of the state and religion is represented through the individual beliefs of Antigone and Creon. The author includes theRead MoreTragedy in The Merchant of Venice1472 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to dictionary.com, a tragedy is a form of art based on human suffering; furthermore, it is a dramatic composition, dealing with a serious or somber theme, typically that of a great person destined through a flaw of character or conflict with some overpowering force, as fate or society, to downfall or destruction. Tragedy elements are that in which a protagonist agonizes disconnection from society and also, he or she makes an error or shows awful decision making. There are typically deathsRead MoreThe Punishment For Overstepping Creon s Authority Essay1235 Words   |  5 PagesIn Sophocles’ â€Å"Antigone† there is a clear gender conflict that forms between the protagonist Antigone and the antagonist Creon. Antigone’s determination to give her brother a just burial inspired the people of Thebes, but enraged Creon. Although Antigone does not obsess over the gender struggle as much as Creon, there is no disputing that the gender roles of Ancient Greece fueled the central conflict of the drama. The clash between Antigone and Creon was symbolic towards the subjugation of women by

Self Disclosure Qualifications, Credentials, And Experience

Self-disclosure: Qualifications, Credentials, and Experience: I’m a retired and high decorated fighter pilot with over 30 years of flying high performance jets where I survived forces on my body exceeding nine times my bodyweight. The cognitive training tools and skills that I will teach you are the same ones that helped me endure and survive intense combat missions and high G forces requiring elite athletic strength. These are also the same cognitive tools taught to elite, professional and Olympic athletes. I’m currently a doctoral student in Sport and Performance Psychology at the University of Western States in Portland, OR and working on my certification as an applied sport psychology consultant. I have a Master’s degree in†¦show more content†¦I typically work with individuals and teams who are struggling with particular issues such as lack of confidence or motivation, nerves before competition, poor attention and focus, energy management, or ineffective team communication, for example. My approach starts with a sound and trustworthy relationship with you using the cooperative coaching style with a mastery motivational (task) oriented climate. You will first learn about my ethical identity followed by me getting to know you and your goals and dreams. I aim to partner with you in a cooperative and positive way so that you can start improving your performance immediately. Human differences: I recognize that differences of age, gender, race, ethnicity, national origin, religion, culture, sexual orientation, disability, language, or socioeconomic status. I only work with specific populations once I have developed the necessary skills to be competent with these populations, or I will make appropriate referrals. Arrangement of Services: Each performance training session in my office is a one-hour block. Sessions outside my office, such as an outdoor â€Å"high risk† activity or my attendance at your sporting event or practice, will vary depending on the activity. Please provide me with a 48-hour advance notice for schedulingShow MoreRelatedWhat Exactly Is Leadership Coaching?1617 Words   |  7 Pagesis a wide array of approaches they take. On one end of the spectrum, let s call it the pure coaching end, you have coaches who will work with a leader on whatever agenda the client brings to coaching. These coaches may or may not have relevant ex perience or additional training in any leadership or business competencies. However, if they are well-trained, they can assist the client get clear on an agenda that aligns with what matters to them, identify strengths, pinpoint gaps, evoke growth, set prioritiesRead MoreThe Evolution Of Education Takes Risk, Courage, Thoughtful Implementation And Support From All Stakeholders Involved1622 Words   |  7 Pagesthe daily experiences of the leader within the school. The state will honor a person who goes through the residency program as completing the requirements equivalent to earning a master’s degree in education, which will help promote hiring, retention and pay for those individuals who participated in the program. (Title II, Section 2002). Additionally, the act loosens the requirements necessary for those people teaching and mentoring people within these programs, realizing that credentials previouslyRead MoreThe Integration Of The Gaas1373 Words   |  6 Pagesto audit Private Corporations (Sunder, 2010 P. 100). The standards are divided into three categories. 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This concept shows that jobs that are predominatedRead MoreAnalysis Of Donald Trump s Presidential Debate1430 Words   |  6 PagesWhen Donald Trump began his improbable run for president 15 months ago, he offered his wealth and television celebrity as credentials, then slyly added a twist of fearmongering about Mexican â€Å"rapists† flooding across the Southern border. From that moment of combustion, it became clear that Mr. Trump’s views were matters of dangerous impulse and cynical pandering rather than thoughtful politics. Yet he has attracted throngs of Americans who ascribe higher purpose to him than he has demonstrated inRead MoreCis Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Practice4383 Words   |  18 Pagesconflict, Members and Registered Students must comply with the more strict law, rule, regulation, code or standard. 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.1.5 2.2 Proper Use of Professional Qualifications 2.2.1 Members shall use their CIS qualifications with due care so as to enhance the standing of and confidence in such qualifications and the Institute. Associate Members of the Chartered Institute of Stockbrokers shall use the designation â€Å"ACS† and Fellow Members of the Institute shall use the designation â€Å"FCS†Read MoreQuestions On Entering A Legal And Ethical Course2647 Words   |  11 Pagescounseling services under an approved LPC supervisor. 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Medieval England An Important Part Of All Aspects Of Life

Medieval England was a society that was ruled by three different courts: the ecclesiastical court, the criminal courts and the civil courts. These courts determined the laws from both a religious and secular governmental perspective. Christianity and its rules and regulations defined the culture of Medieval England. Religion was an important part of all aspects of life. This did not exclude the legal system. In this case, the legal system defined what was right and wrong from both a legal and religious perspective. In ecclesiastical, criminal and civil cases, juries made decisions based on their own understandings of cultural values. As the decisions of juries towards a certain crime changed, the cultural understanding of that act changed, as well. Therefore, juries were one of the most shapers of cultural acceptance in Medieval England. They were able to collectively decide what was culturally acceptable in each small town in which they operated. The juries of medieval England reinf orced the Christian social norms of the time through their harsh or merciful attitudes towards certain crimes. Historians have been studying the history of juries for quite some time. The concept of a jury of peers developed in medieval England. One of the most complete histories of juries in medieval England was written by John H. Langbein. In his article regarding the power of the jury in medieval England, he wrote that, â€Å"The jury system, in which local laypersons decided civil and criminalShow MoreRelatedThe Middle Ages1747 Words   |  7 Pagesdeterioration following the decline of the exuberant Roman Empire. However, a variety of important events that took place in that period, mainly in England, helped shape society as we know it today. Feudalism was created in the middle ages with the king at the top of military, political, and economic hierarchy, nobles owning the land, and peasants, or vassals working on the land. Living conditions were hard in general, but life was especially hard for peasants. The crusades marked the period with knights sentRead MoreA Womans Role in Todays Society1381 Words   |  6 Pagesmajor company. The question really is more important with regards to what was a womens roll was in the society in the 1500s or earlier. One naturally asks what a woman in the house hold of the business. Further will probably ask rights if any women had and how did women live back then and if they had any power at all. It is these types of issues that this short essay will attempt to probe. Issues of Power and Sources As Tina Cooper puts it, it all depends on how you define power. Depending onRead MoreThe Roman Catholic Church in Medieval Times Essay1295 Words   |  6 Pages In the Medieval times, the Roman Catholic Church played a great role in the development of England and had much more power than the Church of today does. In Medieval England, the Roman Catholic Church dominated everyday life and controlled everyone whether it is knights, peasants or kings. The Church was one of the most influential institutions in all of Medieval England and played a large role in education and religion. The Churchs power was so great that they could order and control knightsRead MoreTo What Extent Did Feudalism Affect the Societies in the Middle Ages?1518 Words   |  7 Pagesa portion of his land and protection to a peasant in return for the service on the manor. The system came about, for the most part, because during his reign of England, King William had two major hardships: he couldnt keep the people from rebelling and he couldnt take care of all the land. This social structure became known as the feudal system. In most of medieval Europe, society was dependent on the feudal system. It typically consisted of kings, lords, peasants, and others who held influenceRead MoreThe Historical Development That Truly Define The Renaissance As Rebirth1441 Words   |  6 PagesItaly in the fourteenth century, spread to the north, counting England, by the sixteenth century, and ended in the mid-seventeenth century. the Renaissance were more than a rebirth. First historical development that truly define the renaissance as rebirth is The compass. It’s important for navigation. Printing press is key in spreading info such as books. Second, the hundred years’ war, this lasting conflict between France and England saw the reinforcement of new imperial powers, and the death ofRead MoreThe Hundred Years War And Feudal Society1636 Words   |  7 PagesThe Hundred Years’ War and Feudal Society Why did the feudal order of Medieval society fall apart? The feudal order of the Middle Ages was a system of local rule, where powerful lords gave land and protection in exchange for loyalty and military service from lesser lords. Tradition dictated that this exchange would be held in place by the feudal contract, consisting of multiple pledges. This resulted in small communities consisting of one powerful lord, peasants, and serfs who worked for the lordRead MoreThe Historical Developments That Truly Defines The Renaissance As Rebirth1443 Words   |  6 PagesItaly in the fourteenth century, spread to the north, counting England, by the sixteenth century, and ended in the mid-seventeenth century. the Renaissance was more than a rebirth. First historical development that truly define the Renaissance as rebirth is The compass. It’s important for navigation. Printing press is key in spreading info such as books. Second, the hundred years’ war, this lasting conflict bet ween France and England saw the reinforcement of new imperial powers, and the death ofRead MoreFeudalism and How It Affected Old England792 Words   |  3 Pages Feudalism was a very important aspect in developing the political organization in medieval England. It was one of dominant governments used by the nobles. Feudalism was when one of the king’s noblemen would give land to a man known as a fief and give the fief people to work the land for him. These people are known as serfs. The fief would then protect the serfs from being attacked as long, as long as the serfs worked the land to provide an income for the fief. If the fief accepted the noblesRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer952 Words   |  4 PagesIn The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, the life of the nobility compared to that of the poor proves to be a much harder life to live because of the many obligations and responsibilities. Chaucer ironically portrays this notion in The Nun’s Priest’s Tale, contrasting the easy life of the widow, who is poor, with Chanticleer, a rich rooster. The widow’s life is much easier because she d oes not have to worry about keeping up with the societal expectations of the rich. Whereas, Chanticleer, theRead MoreMedieval Morality Plays Essay1482 Words   |  6 PagesMedieval Morality Plays Throughout time, there have been many books, plays, songs, pamphlets, sermons, lectures, etc. written. These writings were all written with some kind of purpose to either inform, persuade, entertain, or teach their audience. One such form of literature not too widely known about is that of the medieval morality plays. These plays were not aimed to entertain, but to teach morals and religion to the uneducated lower classes of people in medieval Europe. The morality plays

Summary Details on Information Management Free Essays

string(41) " stored to be used for future reference\." The report aims to address the issue of information management within Lanway. Information, may feel is the most important resource any firm has, yet many firms have no appreciation of the cost, value or importance of the information they hold. By first outlining the steps and findings of an information audit carried out within the firm, conclusions are then drawn as to what measures should be taken in order to increase the effectiveness of Lanways information usage. We will write a custom essay sample on Summary Details on Information Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now The measures suggested are outlined in detail, with recommendations of both hardware and software. The report also establishes the need for information and for a company information strategy – highlighting the importance of aligning such a strategy with the overall business plan. Lanway Corporate Business Systems began trading in 1985 from a small market stall on Burnley market. Selling games only for the Spectrum range of computers (the most popular at that time) it began to build up a regular customer base. The firm continued in this way, until 1991 where the introduction of the personal computer led to a change in product and business activity. With the introduction of both new hardware and software, Lanway was now in a position to manufacture and sell its own PC†s. By moving into its own premises, the firm was now able to make substantial profit margins by building and pre-configuring a small range of machines. Lanway began to trade with other firms in 1994, at which point they were forced to expand both their existing premises and staff. They also began to diversify, moving into new areas such as networking technologies, the internet and more specialised hardware and software. Lanway currently has a turnover of approximately 5 million and over 40 staff, both of which are expected to continue in growth. They manufacture around 200 PC†s per week, each different in model, make and specification. The company classes itself in the batch manufacturing bracket. At present, the firm can be split into 5 departments. Sales, Accounts, Networking, Repairs and finally Production or Workshop. The firm is completely networked using a mixture of Microsoftâ„ ¢ and Novellâ„ ¢ technologies. Individual internet access and email is available to all employees. All hardware and software configuration work is carried out in-house. Because the firm has grown in the manner that it has, many of the systems and functions in use have grown from a bottom up fashion, as opposed to a more strategic top level approach. Initial observations would suggest that information management within the firm does not differ from this. An information audit is the assessment of the information held by an agency and of its information activities. (Australian Audit Commission 1999). The purpose of an information audit is to assess, not only what types and levels of information a firm may hold, but how well it meets the needs of the company. Different components of information may already be controlled, such as naming conventions or security passwords, but in most cases firms have little understanding of the relevance, cost or value of the information they hold. Therefore in order to ensure that all relevant areas were covered, a formal plan was first drawn up. To ensure that useful conclusions could be drawn, the objectives and scope of the audit were assessed. These included What types of information sources exist Formal documentation was then designed, in order to maintain a consistent theme by all involved. This too added to usefulness of the findings. Finally an assessment of the overall findings was carried out, to ensure that all anomalies and incoherent data could be accounted for. Only then, based upon the findings were recommendations produced. After analysis of Lanways current operating environment and business activities, the following information sources were identified: Stock and Accounts database – maintained by the same system Data stored within the emails ranged from price lists, customer account details, recent price quotes and specific product enquires. These were also combined with a range of personal emails, both from internal and external sources. Each employee, upon starting work was given a secure email box, from which they are able to send messages to both internal and external sources. Each email box requires user authentication, however network administrators are granted rights to open any mailbox within the system. Here we immediately see problems with regards to both information availability and security. Because only that user has access to the mailbox, no other employee is able to access, what may be at times critical information. Security and data integrity is also compromised, as the email server also acts as the firewall server, and as such is open to internet attacks. It is also at the employees discretion whether they wish to delete messages stored within their inbox, messages which may prove later to hold important or even critical information. Once an email has been deleted, it is almost impossible to retrieve it. Lanway rely heavily on the internet and the features it delivers. This includes company product specifications, product support sites, private business partner resources, online databases and current news information. Lanway also have direct links to suppliers via the World Wide Web, thereby creating multiple extranets. Every departmental manager within Lanway classed the internet within their three most important resources. This in itself shows the importance of the role it plays in today†s business market. For firms such as Lanway, it is the fastest and most efficient way of obtaining up to the date and accurate (in the most part) information and offers the best cost/benefit trade off. However the internet brings with it, from an informational view point, a host of inherent problems and issues. Lanway, like many other firms suffers from this. In most cases, staff were unaware of many of these, and as such the quality of information suffered. The accuracy of the information received is on the most part never checked, and in some cases was then stored to be used for future reference. You read "Summary Details on Information Management" in category "Essay examples" No guidelines exist as to whether only official websites were to be used, nor had any training be given on effectively using the internet itself. No one information store was available, in which staff could save data collected, such as URL†s or product catalogue†s, and in some cases, staff were not aware extranet facilities existed. As such, each individual employee held their own specific ideas and information on using the internet and in many cases time was wasted performing repetitive tasks and retrieving duplicate information. Once again, because the sharing of information was minimal, the speed and accuracy of the data received was greatly reduced. Both of the above databases are stored on the SAGE system and as such are integrated. The stock system contains records not only of items currently in stock, but also previous purchases, dates and times with regards to stock control and trend analysis data. The accounts system contains all data concerned with maintaining and running the company accounts, combined with company payroll and sales transactions. Unlike the previous stores, information held within these systems is not designed to be shared. To access each area the user must have the required level of authority. This is simply for security and privacy reasons – ie. Only certain members of staff can be given access to payroll. Information held within both systems is critical to the running of the business, without it is impossible for any business activity to take place. All the data held within the system maintains it validity and integrity because it is the main transactional system within the firm. The database is currently accessed using a Bespoke application built in house called COSMOS, using access database tables as its base. The program requires user authentication, however all user names and passwords are stored in an access database table which can be opened directly from the network drive. As such security within the system is minimal. The system has been in use for over 8 years and once again suffers from a bottom up approach design. The accuracy of the data is compromised because no formal checks or guidelines exist as to what may be entered in to the system. The security aspect also aids to increase this problem. Duplicate records and anomalies are common place. The age of the system also hinders its accessibility. Although every employee is granted access, many find the system prone to crashes or incorrect record retrieval, again a time wasting activity. Some sales executives said they used their individual Outlook address book to keep their account information, the main reasons being increased speed, reliability and security. All employees of Lanway are given individual folders on the main Novellâ„ ¢ server. Using an advanced system of authentication, only that employee may access their folder. Other users folders are hidden from view accept to system administrators. All word tender documents are stored on in this folder, technical staff store product information and essential applications here. Employees are â€Å"advised† to store all other important documents here as the system is backed up on a regular basis. The accuracy of the data stored within here is not of real consequence to the firm, more to the individual employee, who in themselves are responsible for the task. However, once again the issue of information availability becomes a problem. For technical staff, important information and applications are hidden away from other members, whereas sales staff are unable to gain access to colleagues quotes if required without the assistance of an administrator. All network administrators are regularly out of the office on customer callouts. Product catalogues written documents Due to the nature of Lanways business activity, the range of products sold goes beyond vast and continues to increase by the day. Because of this the firm receives numerous literature on a daily basis. No formal filing system exists, all booklets are â€Å"thrown† onto double desks, or kept by the employee whom it was addressed to. Again issues regarding the availability and relevance of the information are brought into question. Important reference material or current news articles and magazines therefore become unavailable, simply because most employees do not know they exist. It is clear from the above findings, that although Lanway holds and has access to a vast amount of data and information, its overall management of the resource is poor. As such these issues must be addressed when deciding on an information policy and the successful implementation of a Information Service. In order to address these issues, Lanway must first define its information policy. Many of the problems identified earlier stem from a lack of strategic planning, thereby creating inappropriate systems and methods. As such this policy must be aligned with the overall business one and all new systems must serve only to strengthen this. From the findings of the audit, it can be observed that the sharing of information is a critical issue. Much of data stored is only available to certain employees and it is at that employees discretion how the information should be stored. The recommendation is to introduce a controlled information environment where the main aim is information sharing throughout the company. This includes not only ensuring all information is freely available, but employees are specifically informed about policy changes and new developments. Hickie argues that â€Å"an information rich organisation is a successful organisation.† This may be true in part, however it is the management of this information which enables the firms success. Therefore in order to ensure each employee has access to relevant information, such needs should be broken down on a departmental basis. However a significant overlap appears and as such information that is suitable for one department may certainly aid other departments needs;  · Internal company information – this can range from employee guidelines, holiday availability, new company policy or even company car arrangements.  · Latest news and technology stories – information on current market trends, predicted advancements and current vendors strategies  · Product specifications – this includes lists of available types of both hardware and software, the features they possess and the situations they best suit.  · Current pricing catalogues – the IT industry is perhaps the most dynamic of all. As such, products and components prices can change on a daily basis. In order to offer competitive prices, sales executives must be aware of this.  · Competitor information – this may include current pricing or product strategies, financial information and company background.  · New accounting product releases – only accounts staff will be able to judge the effectiveness of new accounts software. As such it is vital that they are able to make an informed decision.  · Current accounting news and new practices – vital for any accounting department wishing to maintain a competitive edge. Such sources also provide help and advice on new practices  · Technical support information – this may be product specific or general tips and usage information  · Product updates essential applications – vital for current systems. As new releases and service packs are issued, this department is responsible for customer receive the right components.  · Product driver banks – due to the large number of products sold, networking employees need access to all drivers concerned with these in order to provide and effective service.  · Past problems customer specific – many problems encountered and repetitive  · Hardware specific manuals – the repairs department are concerned for with hardware failure than software. As such different hardware and configuration manuals are required. As can be seen from the above findings, many of the information sources required by departments overlap with others. This benefits the company from a cost point of view as departments may then share these resources. Implementing the information service Within Lanway, two main types of information exist, electronic and paper. Therefore in order to effectively use these resources, they must be managed in a way that best allows them to be accessed. All brochure documents received are to be immediately filed in new filing cabinets situated on the sales floor – simply because space exists there for them. Each publication is to be filed in alphabetical order under the company heading, with a â€Å"post it note† stapled onto it, giving details of the date it was first entered and which employee was responsible for it. The filing cabinets should be reviewed on a 3 month basis and any duplicate/old data should be removed and shredded. Two types of electronic information exist within Lanway – internal and external sources. However in order to provide a consistent theme, employees should be able to interface both in the same way. The simplest and most effective method of achieving this is by using web technologies. The internet has evolved over the last 5 years as one of the most important factors for successful business and is continuing to do so. A whole range of resources can be obtained via the internet, including searchable online databases, intelligent problem solving systems and other business tools. It would therefore be unwise to attempt to find alternative means of accessing the required data, when the technology already exists and is free for any firm to use. The current network at Lanway – all 100mb – will remain intact, as this is currently the latest and most cost effective technology available for firms of this size. The internet connection will be upgraded to ASDL from ISDN, therefore lowering operating costs and improving speed. The first step for Lanway will be introduction of an intranet. This will be hosted on a new Microsoft Webâ„ ¢ server It will be via this that all electronic information will be accessed, including the internet itself. The online news stories will taken from Silicon.comâ„ ¢, a free online news resource specifically designed for IT firms. Each user will be given a specific user name and password, so that their entrance page may be tailored to their individual needs. The accounts department will gain their current news and information from Accounting.netâ„ ¢, a leading American accounting resource. Once again, the service is free and can be tailored to individuals needs. Both will be accessed via the intranet through absolute URL†s created via Active Scripting when users first log on to the Lanway system. All internal company information will be posted on the website, and employees should be made aware of new data through the use of email. An internal mailing list will serve this purpose. Technical support information will be obtained via vendors own websites and subscriptions to Microsoft Technetâ„ ¢ Novell Support Connection â„ ¢, Symantec Supportâ„ ¢ and 3COM Utilities. The latter sources are comprised of CD-ROM†s which arrive on a monthly basis. As such it is recommended that Virtual Driveâ„ ¢ is purchased, thereby eliminating the need from a CD-ROM network server. Instead, all contents can be copied to the hard drives, creating multiple virtual CD-ROM drives. This improves performance and network reliability. Three new databases are to be set up using SQL server as the base. They will be accessed using web browsers. The first will contain all necessary links to internal applications storage required by technical employees and will also include a brief description of the uses for each application. The second will contain detailed hardware manuals, which if necessary will be scanned in from paper or written by departmental heads. The third will contain past problems related to customer accounts – including hardware, software and individual configuration issues. All of the above systems will be fully searchable using CGI scripting via the web browser on all fields contained within the database – offering a choice of title, topic of keyword to search on. All employees will be given full access to the databases, however only technical staff will be given rights to add to the system. Again checks on the information stored on to be carried out on a three monthly basis. Information is of key importance to any firm, and that is especially true of Lanway. Because of the nature of the business and the products sold, it is vital that the information stored within the internal systems is accurate, relevant and accessible by all employees. By implementing the steps outlined above, many of these issues should be addressed. However it is up-to the company as how successfully they are implemented. Employees will need to be made aware how important the new systems and the new policies that have been introduced are. Only then will the firm begin to see benefits. The costs incurred in this project are minimal, simply because all work can be carried out in house and all products purchased at almost cost, although formal training is certainly recommended – something which will need to be outsourced. The new intranet should help to increase the distribution of information and the consistent manner in which employees are able to access the information should in the long term help the new systems to be used effectively. In order to ensure that Lanway obtains the required results, an information audit should be carried out on a yearly basis – thereby identifying any problems that have risen from implementation of were overlooked on previous audits. How to cite Summary Details on Information Management, Essay examples